FRESENIUS NEW HIRE, EXAM STUDY
GUIDE WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
What are the functions of a healthy kidney? - Correct Answers -Removal of waste
products (creatinine, urea, and uric acid). Regulate fluid, acid base, and electrolytes.
What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system in order of urine flow? -
Correct Answers -(2) Kidneys (2) Ureters (1) Bladder (1) Urethra
Which of the functions of healthy kidneys are replaced by dialysis? - Correct Answers -
Removal of waste products, and Regulation of fluid balance
What is the function of renin? - Correct Answers -hormone produced by the kidneys with
important effects on regulation of the blood pressure, and on sodium, and potassium
balance
What is homeostasis? - Correct Answers -Steady internal state of equilibrium in the
body.
Intracellular - Correct Answers -Inside the cells
Intravascular - Correct Answers -inside the blood vessels
Extracellular - Correct Answers -outside the cells
Interstitial - Correct Answers -between the cells
What are the body fluid compartments? - Correct Answers -Intracellular, Extracellular,
Intravascular, Interstitial
What is hemodialysis? (HD) - Correct Answers -Outpatient setting
Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) - Correct Answers -Patient's home
What factors impact the rate of diffusion ? - Correct Answers -Concentration Gradient,
Temperature, Molecular weight of solutes, Nature of the solution, Membrane
Permeability, Surface area, Flow Geometry Convection
What are three types of solutions? - Correct Answers -Hypotonic, Isotonic, Hypertonic
, What is hypotonic? - Correct Answers -Containing less particles
What is Isotonic? - Correct Answers -Containing equal particles
What is Hypertonic? - Correct Answers -Containing more particles
Countercurrent Flow is? - Correct Answers -Blood and Dialysate flow in opposite
directions
What happens to diffusion when dialyzer fibers clot? - Correct Answers -either from
inadequate heparinization or an improperly primed dialyzer, diffusion is decreased.
What are the compartments of a dialyzer? - Correct Answers -Blood compartment,
dialysate compartment
What separates the dialyzer compartments? - Correct Answers -There is potting
material on both ends of the dialyzer to assure separation of the blood and dialysate
What volume should be used for fresh fill? - Correct Answers -MUST be performed prior
to the initiation of every treatment
What position should the dialyzer be in during hemodialysis? - Correct Answers -Arterial
end up during treatment
What should be checked on a dialyzer before machine set up? - Correct Answers -
Sterilization, any structural damage, size, and brand ordered by the physician
What are electrolytes? - Correct Answers -Charged particles that can conduct an
electrical current.
Electrolytes found in dialysate are - Correct Answers -Sodium (Na+) Potassium (K+)
Calcium (Ca++) Magnesium (Mg++) Chloride (Cl-)
What is pH? - Correct Answers -pH= to 7; acid and base ions are equal.
Normal blood pH is - Correct Answers -7.35- 7.45
Four ways dialysate is checked to ensure that is it safe? - Correct Answers -Check pH,
Conductivity, monitoring the machine temperature, and a negative residual chlorine
(bleach)
What is conductivity? - Correct Answers -Ability of a solution to transmit or conduct an
electrical current
GUIDE WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
What are the functions of a healthy kidney? - Correct Answers -Removal of waste
products (creatinine, urea, and uric acid). Regulate fluid, acid base, and electrolytes.
What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system in order of urine flow? -
Correct Answers -(2) Kidneys (2) Ureters (1) Bladder (1) Urethra
Which of the functions of healthy kidneys are replaced by dialysis? - Correct Answers -
Removal of waste products, and Regulation of fluid balance
What is the function of renin? - Correct Answers -hormone produced by the kidneys with
important effects on regulation of the blood pressure, and on sodium, and potassium
balance
What is homeostasis? - Correct Answers -Steady internal state of equilibrium in the
body.
Intracellular - Correct Answers -Inside the cells
Intravascular - Correct Answers -inside the blood vessels
Extracellular - Correct Answers -outside the cells
Interstitial - Correct Answers -between the cells
What are the body fluid compartments? - Correct Answers -Intracellular, Extracellular,
Intravascular, Interstitial
What is hemodialysis? (HD) - Correct Answers -Outpatient setting
Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) - Correct Answers -Patient's home
What factors impact the rate of diffusion ? - Correct Answers -Concentration Gradient,
Temperature, Molecular weight of solutes, Nature of the solution, Membrane
Permeability, Surface area, Flow Geometry Convection
What are three types of solutions? - Correct Answers -Hypotonic, Isotonic, Hypertonic
, What is hypotonic? - Correct Answers -Containing less particles
What is Isotonic? - Correct Answers -Containing equal particles
What is Hypertonic? - Correct Answers -Containing more particles
Countercurrent Flow is? - Correct Answers -Blood and Dialysate flow in opposite
directions
What happens to diffusion when dialyzer fibers clot? - Correct Answers -either from
inadequate heparinization or an improperly primed dialyzer, diffusion is decreased.
What are the compartments of a dialyzer? - Correct Answers -Blood compartment,
dialysate compartment
What separates the dialyzer compartments? - Correct Answers -There is potting
material on both ends of the dialyzer to assure separation of the blood and dialysate
What volume should be used for fresh fill? - Correct Answers -MUST be performed prior
to the initiation of every treatment
What position should the dialyzer be in during hemodialysis? - Correct Answers -Arterial
end up during treatment
What should be checked on a dialyzer before machine set up? - Correct Answers -
Sterilization, any structural damage, size, and brand ordered by the physician
What are electrolytes? - Correct Answers -Charged particles that can conduct an
electrical current.
Electrolytes found in dialysate are - Correct Answers -Sodium (Na+) Potassium (K+)
Calcium (Ca++) Magnesium (Mg++) Chloride (Cl-)
What is pH? - Correct Answers -pH= to 7; acid and base ions are equal.
Normal blood pH is - Correct Answers -7.35- 7.45
Four ways dialysate is checked to ensure that is it safe? - Correct Answers -Check pH,
Conductivity, monitoring the machine temperature, and a negative residual chlorine
(bleach)
What is conductivity? - Correct Answers -Ability of a solution to transmit or conduct an
electrical current
