BIOL 1107 Exam 1 Study Guide Ch. 1-3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_3nnrpn
1. Biology: the scientific study of living things (organisms).
2. All living things are..: Descended from a common origin of life that occurred almost 4 billion years ago.
3. In all chemical reactions...: matter and energy are neither created or destroyed
4. Anytime a molecule releases energy...: Another molecule captures it.
5. What are the common set of chemical components that make up organ-
isms?: Carbohydrates, fatty acids, nucleic acids, amino acids.
6. Characteristics of living organisms:: • Made of a common set of chemical components: carbo-
hydrates, fatty acids, nucleic acids, amino acids
• Most are made of cells enclosed by plasma membranes
• Convert molecules from their environment into new biological molecules
• Extract energy from the environment and use it to do biological work
• Contain genetic information that uses a universal code to specify proteins
• Share similarities among a fundamental set of genes, and replicate this genetic information when reproducing
• Exist in populations that evolve through changes in frequencies of genetic variants over time
• Self-regulate their internal environment, maintaining conditions that allow them to survive
7. What Structure, formed from lipids, gave rise to the first true cells?: anaerobic
heterotrophes prokaryotes
8. What were the first single celled life forms to appear on earth?: prokaryotes
9. What group of single-celled life forms gave rise to multi-cellular organisms?-
: eukaryotes
10. How did unicellular eukaryotes evolve into multicellular organisms?: Eukary-
otes failed to separate after cell division, creating a colony of cells that used cellular specialization, the ability of
associated cells to specialize in certain functions (some would reproduce, while others absorbed nutrients) to grow
in size and become more efficient at gather resources.
11. How did photosynthesis influence the evolution of modern life, especially in
respect to the difference between organisms that use aerobic metabolism and
anaerobic metabolism?: -Photosynthesis allowed photosynthetic prokaryotes organisms to produce an
oxygen-rich environment that allowed oxygen tolerant (aerobic) organisms to proliferate, growing larger and more
complex.
-The Oxygen-rich environment also made it possible for life to move on land through by producing a thick layer of
ozone in the upper atmosphere that protected organisms from UV radiation.
12. anaerobic metabolism: does not use oxygen to extract energy from nutrient molecules
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, BIOL 1107 Exam 1 Study Guide Ch. 1-3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_3nnrpn
13. aerobic metabolism: a biochemical process that uses Oxygen to extract energy from nutrient molecules
14. metabolism: energy transformations
15. Genome: The sum total of all of an organisms DNA molecules contained in each of its cells. The 'blueprint'
for existence. The information the specifies how an organism will look and function.
16. How does mutation in the genome contribute to evolution?: Through the change
in the genetic makeup of organisms over time.
Organisms reproduce by replicating genomes, during which mutations can occur. These mutations can either be
harmful or helpful. If the mutation gives the organisms specific structural, behavioral or physiological traits that help
it to be stronger and better adapted to its environment, it will pass that sequence to its offspring (adaption) because
the organism has a better chance of surviving long enough to reproduce. If a mutation is harmful, the organism
has a smaller chance of reproducing and passing on the genetic defect to future generations. This is summarized in
Darwin's theory of natural selection.
17. Who is Charles Darwin and hat rocess did he propose accounted for much
of the evolution of life?: Charles Darwin compiled factual evidence for evolution. He argued that differ-
ential survival and reproduction among individuals in a population (natural selection) could account for much of the
evolution of life.
18. What are the three domains of life?: Bacteria (prokaryotes)
Archaea (prokaryotes)
Eukarya (eukaryotes)
19. What are the levels of hierarchical organization within the biological world?-
: - Tissue
- Organ
- Organ System
- Organism
or
- Cells
- Organisms
- Populations
- Communities
- Ecosystems
- Biosphere
2/9
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_3nnrpn
1. Biology: the scientific study of living things (organisms).
2. All living things are..: Descended from a common origin of life that occurred almost 4 billion years ago.
3. In all chemical reactions...: matter and energy are neither created or destroyed
4. Anytime a molecule releases energy...: Another molecule captures it.
5. What are the common set of chemical components that make up organ-
isms?: Carbohydrates, fatty acids, nucleic acids, amino acids.
6. Characteristics of living organisms:: • Made of a common set of chemical components: carbo-
hydrates, fatty acids, nucleic acids, amino acids
• Most are made of cells enclosed by plasma membranes
• Convert molecules from their environment into new biological molecules
• Extract energy from the environment and use it to do biological work
• Contain genetic information that uses a universal code to specify proteins
• Share similarities among a fundamental set of genes, and replicate this genetic information when reproducing
• Exist in populations that evolve through changes in frequencies of genetic variants over time
• Self-regulate their internal environment, maintaining conditions that allow them to survive
7. What Structure, formed from lipids, gave rise to the first true cells?: anaerobic
heterotrophes prokaryotes
8. What were the first single celled life forms to appear on earth?: prokaryotes
9. What group of single-celled life forms gave rise to multi-cellular organisms?-
: eukaryotes
10. How did unicellular eukaryotes evolve into multicellular organisms?: Eukary-
otes failed to separate after cell division, creating a colony of cells that used cellular specialization, the ability of
associated cells to specialize in certain functions (some would reproduce, while others absorbed nutrients) to grow
in size and become more efficient at gather resources.
11. How did photosynthesis influence the evolution of modern life, especially in
respect to the difference between organisms that use aerobic metabolism and
anaerobic metabolism?: -Photosynthesis allowed photosynthetic prokaryotes organisms to produce an
oxygen-rich environment that allowed oxygen tolerant (aerobic) organisms to proliferate, growing larger and more
complex.
-The Oxygen-rich environment also made it possible for life to move on land through by producing a thick layer of
ozone in the upper atmosphere that protected organisms from UV radiation.
12. anaerobic metabolism: does not use oxygen to extract energy from nutrient molecules
1/9
, BIOL 1107 Exam 1 Study Guide Ch. 1-3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_3nnrpn
13. aerobic metabolism: a biochemical process that uses Oxygen to extract energy from nutrient molecules
14. metabolism: energy transformations
15. Genome: The sum total of all of an organisms DNA molecules contained in each of its cells. The 'blueprint'
for existence. The information the specifies how an organism will look and function.
16. How does mutation in the genome contribute to evolution?: Through the change
in the genetic makeup of organisms over time.
Organisms reproduce by replicating genomes, during which mutations can occur. These mutations can either be
harmful or helpful. If the mutation gives the organisms specific structural, behavioral or physiological traits that help
it to be stronger and better adapted to its environment, it will pass that sequence to its offspring (adaption) because
the organism has a better chance of surviving long enough to reproduce. If a mutation is harmful, the organism
has a smaller chance of reproducing and passing on the genetic defect to future generations. This is summarized in
Darwin's theory of natural selection.
17. Who is Charles Darwin and hat rocess did he propose accounted for much
of the evolution of life?: Charles Darwin compiled factual evidence for evolution. He argued that differ-
ential survival and reproduction among individuals in a population (natural selection) could account for much of the
evolution of life.
18. What are the three domains of life?: Bacteria (prokaryotes)
Archaea (prokaryotes)
Eukarya (eukaryotes)
19. What are the levels of hierarchical organization within the biological world?-
: - Tissue
- Organ
- Organ System
- Organism
or
- Cells
- Organisms
- Populations
- Communities
- Ecosystems
- Biosphere
2/9
