,
,CHAPTER 1: Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery
s s s s s s
MULTIPLE CHOICE
s
1. Viruses are: s
a. infectious agents that infect multi-cellular organisms s s s s s
b. noncellular particles that take over the metabolism of a cell to generate more virus
s s s s s s s s s s s s s FG
particles
s
c. pathogens that replicate in complex growth media s s s s s s
d. cellular particles that belong to the archaea domain s s s s s s s
e. microbes that consist of lipid membrane enclosed genomes s s s s s s s
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 TOP: I.A|I.Bs s s
MSC: Remembering s
2. Analysis of DNA sequences reveals: s s s s
a. the ancient convergence of two cell types, i.e., prokaryotes and eukaryotes
s s s s s s s s s s
b. prokaryotes and eukaryotes evolved from a common ancestral cell s s s s s s s s
c. that bacteria share common ancestor with archaea, but not with eukarya
s s s s s s s s s s
d. prokaryotes are cells with a nucleus s s GF s s
e. the genome of Haemophilus influenzae has about 2 billion base pairs
s s s s s s s s s s
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 TOP: I.A |I.B
s s s
MSC: Remembering s
3. Which of these groups are considered to be microbes but NOT considered to be cells?
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
a. viruses d. protists s s
b. bacteria e. filamentous fungi s
c. archaea
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 TOP: I.A.i s
MSC: Remembering s
4. A microbe is commonly defined as:
s s GF s s
a. a virus that requires a microscope to be seen
s s s s s s s s
b. a bacterium that requires a microscope to be seen
s s s s s s s s
c. a single-cellular prokaryote that requires a microscope to be seen
s s s s s s s s s
d. a multicellular eukaryote that requires a microscope to be seen
s s s s s s s s s
e. a living organism that requires a microscope to be seen
s s s s s s s s s
ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 TOP: I.A.i|I.A.ii
s s s
MSC: Remembering s
5. Which one of the following statements regarding microbial cells is NOT true?
s s s s s s s s s s s
a. Microbial cells acquire food, gain energy to build themselves, and respond to
s s s s s s s s s s s
environmentalchange.
s s
, b. Most single-celled organisms require a microscope to render them visible, but some
s s s s s s s s s s s
bacterial cells are large enough to be seen with naked eyes.
s s s s s s s s s s s
c. Microbes function as individual entities. s s s s
d. Many microbes form complex multicellular assemblages.
s s s s s
e. Viruses are not considered as microbial cells. s s s s s s
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 TOP: I.A.i |I.A.ii s s s
MSC: Remembering s
6. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
s s s s s s
a. A genome is the total genetic information contained in an organism’s chromosomal DNA.
s s s s s s s s s s s s
b. If a microbe’s genome includes genes for nitrogenase, that microbe probably can fix nitroge n.
s s s s s s s s s s s s FG s
c. By comparing DNA sequences of different organisms, we can figure out how closely
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related they are.
s s s
d. Fred Sanger developed the first applicable DNA sequencing method.
s s s s s s s s
e. Fred Sanger completed the sequences of Haemophilus influenzae.
s s s s s s s
ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 TOP: I.B s
MSC: Remembering s
7. The first cellular genomes to be sequenced were those of:
s s s s s s s s s
a. humans d. prions
b. bacteria e. fungi
c. viruses
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 TOP:
MSC: Remembering s sI.B.i
8. The environment of early Earth may have contained all of the following EXCEPT:
s s s s s s s s s s s s
a. ferrous iron d. oxygens s s
b. methane e. hydrogen gas s
c. ammonia
ANS: D DIF: Easy
REF: Special Topic 1.1TOP: II.D s s s
MSC: Remembering
s s
9. The development of the theory of the ―RNA world‖ resulted from the discovery of:
s s s s s s s s s s s s s
a. archaea d. ribozymes s s
b. prions e. endosymbionts
c. bacteria
ANS: D DIF: Medium
REF: Special Topic 1.1TOP: II.D s s s
MSC: Remembering
s s
10. Which microbes may resemble those of the earliest life forms?
s s s s s s s s s
a. archaea d. cyanobacteria s s
b. photosynthetic algae e. protists s
c. viruses
ANS: A DIF: Medium
REF: Special Topic 1.1TOP: II.D s s s
MSC: Remembering
s s
11. Early metabolism may have been catalyzed by:
s s s s s s
a. DNA d. amino acids s s
b. RNA e. carbohydrates
,CHAPTER 1: Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery
s s s s s s
MULTIPLE CHOICE
s
1. Viruses are: s
a. infectious agents that infect multi-cellular organisms s s s s s
b. noncellular particles that take over the metabolism of a cell to generate more virus
s s s s s s s s s s s s s FG
particles
s
c. pathogens that replicate in complex growth media s s s s s s
d. cellular particles that belong to the archaea domain s s s s s s s
e. microbes that consist of lipid membrane enclosed genomes s s s s s s s
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 TOP: I.A|I.Bs s s
MSC: Remembering s
2. Analysis of DNA sequences reveals: s s s s
a. the ancient convergence of two cell types, i.e., prokaryotes and eukaryotes
s s s s s s s s s s
b. prokaryotes and eukaryotes evolved from a common ancestral cell s s s s s s s s
c. that bacteria share common ancestor with archaea, but not with eukarya
s s s s s s s s s s
d. prokaryotes are cells with a nucleus s s GF s s
e. the genome of Haemophilus influenzae has about 2 billion base pairs
s s s s s s s s s s
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 TOP: I.A |I.B
s s s
MSC: Remembering s
3. Which of these groups are considered to be microbes but NOT considered to be cells?
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
a. viruses d. protists s s
b. bacteria e. filamentous fungi s
c. archaea
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 TOP: I.A.i s
MSC: Remembering s
4. A microbe is commonly defined as:
s s GF s s
a. a virus that requires a microscope to be seen
s s s s s s s s
b. a bacterium that requires a microscope to be seen
s s s s s s s s
c. a single-cellular prokaryote that requires a microscope to be seen
s s s s s s s s s
d. a multicellular eukaryote that requires a microscope to be seen
s s s s s s s s s
e. a living organism that requires a microscope to be seen
s s s s s s s s s
ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 TOP: I.A.i|I.A.ii
s s s
MSC: Remembering s
5. Which one of the following statements regarding microbial cells is NOT true?
s s s s s s s s s s s
a. Microbial cells acquire food, gain energy to build themselves, and respond to
s s s s s s s s s s s
environmentalchange.
s s
, b. Most single-celled organisms require a microscope to render them visible, but some
s s s s s s s s s s s
bacterial cells are large enough to be seen with naked eyes.
s s s s s s s s s s s
c. Microbes function as individual entities. s s s s
d. Many microbes form complex multicellular assemblages.
s s s s s
e. Viruses are not considered as microbial cells. s s s s s s
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 TOP: I.A.i |I.A.ii s s s
MSC: Remembering s
6. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
s s s s s s
a. A genome is the total genetic information contained in an organism’s chromosomal DNA.
s s s s s s s s s s s s
b. If a microbe’s genome includes genes for nitrogenase, that microbe probably can fix nitroge n.
s s s s s s s s s s s s FG s
c. By comparing DNA sequences of different organisms, we can figure out how closely
s s GF s s s s s s s s s
related they are.
s s s
d. Fred Sanger developed the first applicable DNA sequencing method.
s s s s s s s s
e. Fred Sanger completed the sequences of Haemophilus influenzae.
s s s s s s s
ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 TOP: I.B s
MSC: Remembering s
7. The first cellular genomes to be sequenced were those of:
s s s s s s s s s
a. humans d. prions
b. bacteria e. fungi
c. viruses
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 TOP:
MSC: Remembering s sI.B.i
8. The environment of early Earth may have contained all of the following EXCEPT:
s s s s s s s s s s s s
a. ferrous iron d. oxygens s s
b. methane e. hydrogen gas s
c. ammonia
ANS: D DIF: Easy
REF: Special Topic 1.1TOP: II.D s s s
MSC: Remembering
s s
9. The development of the theory of the ―RNA world‖ resulted from the discovery of:
s s s s s s s s s s s s s
a. archaea d. ribozymes s s
b. prions e. endosymbionts
c. bacteria
ANS: D DIF: Medium
REF: Special Topic 1.1TOP: II.D s s s
MSC: Remembering
s s
10. Which microbes may resemble those of the earliest life forms?
s s s s s s s s s
a. archaea d. cyanobacteria s s
b. photosynthetic algae e. protists s
c. viruses
ANS: A DIF: Medium
REF: Special Topic 1.1TOP: II.D s s s
MSC: Remembering
s s
11. Early metabolism may have been catalyzed by:
s s s s s s
a. DNA d. amino acids s s
b. RNA e. carbohydrates
