NSG 530 Exam 1, 2, 3 & 4 | Advanced
Pathophysiology – Wilkes | 2026/2027
Verified Questions & Answers | PDF
Question 1:
When antibodies are formed against red blood cell antigens of the Rh
system, the blood cells are destroyed by:
• A) Complement-mediated cell lysis
• B) Phagocytosis by macrophages
• C) Phagocytosis in the spleen ✓
• D) Neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products
Rationale: In cases of Rh incompatibility, antibodies target Rh-positive
red blood cells, and these cells are typically cleared from circulation
through phagocytosis by macrophages in the spleen.
Question 2:
When soluble antigens from infectious agents enter circulation, tissue
damage is a result of:
• A) Complement-mediated cell lysis
• B) Phagocytosis by macrophages
• C) Phagocytosis in the spleen
• D) Neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products ✓
,Rationale: Soluble antigens can activate neutrophils, which release their
granules containing cytotoxic substances. This process can contribute to
tissue injury and inflammation.
Question 3:
How are target cells destroyed in a type II hypersensitivity reaction?
• A) Complement-mediated cell lysis ✓
• B) Phagocytosis by macrophages
• C) Neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products
• D) Natural killer cells
Rationale: Type II hypersensitivity involves antibodies binding to target
cells, which activates the complement system. This can lead to direct
lysis of the cell through membrane attack complexes.
Question 4:
Graves' disease (hyperthyroidism) is an example of which type of
hypersensitivity reaction?
• A) Modulation ✓
• B) Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
• C) Neutrophil-mediated damage
• D) Complement-mediated lysis
,Rationale: Graves' disease is a type II hypersensitivity reaction where
autoantibodies stimulate the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor,
leading to excessive thyroid hormone production and hyperthyroidism.
Question 5:
Type III hypersensitivity reactions are a result of which of the
following?
• A) Antibodies coating mast cells by binding to receptors that signal
its degranulation
• B) Antibodies binding to soluble antigens that were released
into body fluids and the immune complexes being deposited in
the tissues ✓
• C) Tc cells or lymphokine-producing Th1 cells directly attacking
and destroying cellular targets
• D) Antibodies binding to the antigen on the cell surface
Rationale: Type III hypersensitivity occurs when immune complexes
formed from antibodies binding to soluble antigens deposit in tissues,
leading to inflammation and damage through complement activation.
Question 6:
Hypersensitivity is best defined as:
• A) Disturbance in the immunologic tolerance of self-antigens
• B) Immunologic reaction of one person to the tissue of another
person
, • C) Altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in
disease ✓
• D) Undetectable immune response in the presence of antigens
Rationale: Hypersensitivity refers to an exaggerated or altered immune
response that leads to tissue damage, resulting in clinical disease. It
encompasses various allergic reactions where the immune system
overreacts to perceived threats.
Question 7:
A hypersensitivity reaction that produces an allergic response is called:
• A) Hemolytic shock
• B) Anaphylaxis ✓
• C) Necrotizing vasculitis
• D) Systemic erythematosus
Rationale: Anaphylaxis is a severe and rapid hypersensitivity reaction
characterized by a systemic response, including symptoms such as
difficulty breathing, swelling, and in severe cases, shock. It is a critical
medical emergency.
Question 8:
The common hay fever allergy is expressed through a reaction mediated
by which class of immunoglobulins?
• A) IgE ✓
Pathophysiology – Wilkes | 2026/2027
Verified Questions & Answers | PDF
Question 1:
When antibodies are formed against red blood cell antigens of the Rh
system, the blood cells are destroyed by:
• A) Complement-mediated cell lysis
• B) Phagocytosis by macrophages
• C) Phagocytosis in the spleen ✓
• D) Neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products
Rationale: In cases of Rh incompatibility, antibodies target Rh-positive
red blood cells, and these cells are typically cleared from circulation
through phagocytosis by macrophages in the spleen.
Question 2:
When soluble antigens from infectious agents enter circulation, tissue
damage is a result of:
• A) Complement-mediated cell lysis
• B) Phagocytosis by macrophages
• C) Phagocytosis in the spleen
• D) Neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products ✓
,Rationale: Soluble antigens can activate neutrophils, which release their
granules containing cytotoxic substances. This process can contribute to
tissue injury and inflammation.
Question 3:
How are target cells destroyed in a type II hypersensitivity reaction?
• A) Complement-mediated cell lysis ✓
• B) Phagocytosis by macrophages
• C) Neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products
• D) Natural killer cells
Rationale: Type II hypersensitivity involves antibodies binding to target
cells, which activates the complement system. This can lead to direct
lysis of the cell through membrane attack complexes.
Question 4:
Graves' disease (hyperthyroidism) is an example of which type of
hypersensitivity reaction?
• A) Modulation ✓
• B) Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
• C) Neutrophil-mediated damage
• D) Complement-mediated lysis
,Rationale: Graves' disease is a type II hypersensitivity reaction where
autoantibodies stimulate the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor,
leading to excessive thyroid hormone production and hyperthyroidism.
Question 5:
Type III hypersensitivity reactions are a result of which of the
following?
• A) Antibodies coating mast cells by binding to receptors that signal
its degranulation
• B) Antibodies binding to soluble antigens that were released
into body fluids and the immune complexes being deposited in
the tissues ✓
• C) Tc cells or lymphokine-producing Th1 cells directly attacking
and destroying cellular targets
• D) Antibodies binding to the antigen on the cell surface
Rationale: Type III hypersensitivity occurs when immune complexes
formed from antibodies binding to soluble antigens deposit in tissues,
leading to inflammation and damage through complement activation.
Question 6:
Hypersensitivity is best defined as:
• A) Disturbance in the immunologic tolerance of self-antigens
• B) Immunologic reaction of one person to the tissue of another
person
, • C) Altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in
disease ✓
• D) Undetectable immune response in the presence of antigens
Rationale: Hypersensitivity refers to an exaggerated or altered immune
response that leads to tissue damage, resulting in clinical disease. It
encompasses various allergic reactions where the immune system
overreacts to perceived threats.
Question 7:
A hypersensitivity reaction that produces an allergic response is called:
• A) Hemolytic shock
• B) Anaphylaxis ✓
• C) Necrotizing vasculitis
• D) Systemic erythematosus
Rationale: Anaphylaxis is a severe and rapid hypersensitivity reaction
characterized by a systemic response, including symptoms such as
difficulty breathing, swelling, and in severe cases, shock. It is a critical
medical emergency.
Question 8:
The common hay fever allergy is expressed through a reaction mediated
by which class of immunoglobulins?
• A) IgE ✓
