WGU D236 pathopharmacology EXAM A+ GRADE ASSURED COMPLETE SOLUTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE!!!!

PHARMACOLOGY EXAM zm




Exam Solution zm




NR 507 Final Exam (/) QUESTIONS AND (elaborated) A
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm




NSWETRS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 2026 A+ GRAD zm zm zm zm zm zm




E ASSURED COMPLETE SOLUTIONS AND VERIFIED ANS
zm zm zm zm zm zm




WERS (64C9E) zm




QUESTION 1 zm




Dermatomes
ANSWER

area of the skin that is mainly supplied by branches of a single spinal sensory nerve root. These spi
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm



nal sensory nerves enter the nerve root at the spinal cord, and their branches reach to the peripher
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm



y of the body.
zm zm zm




QUESTION 2 zm




Substance release at the synapse zm zm zm zm




ANSWER

Acetylcholine- Excitatory or inhibitory- alzheimers Norepi- Excitatory or inhibitory-
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm



sleep/wake cycle, SYNS transmission Dopa-
zm zm zm zm zm



Excitatory (h1 and h2 receptors) and inhibitory (H3 receptors). parkinson disease
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm




QUESTION 3 zm




Spondylolysis
ANSWER

structural defect (degeneration, fracture, or developmental defect) in the pars interarticularis of the
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm



vertebral arch (the joining of the vertebral body to the posterior structures). The lumbar spine at L
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm



5 is affected most often. -Heredity -Other congenital spinal defects
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm




QUESTION 4 zm

,motor and sensory areas of the brain
zm zm zm zm zm zm




ANSWER

Parietal lobe- zm



major area for somatic sensory input, located along the postcentral gyrus. which is adjacent to the
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm



primary motor area in the precentral gyrus. Primary motor area (Brodmann area 4)-
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm



located along the precentral gyrus forming the primary voluntary motor area (homunculus) (little
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm



man). Association fibers provide communication between sensory and motor
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm




QUESTION 5 zm




Ischemic penumbra zm




ANSWER

ischemic but not infarcted (salvageable) tissue. Peri-infarct tissue. -no structural damage
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm




QUESTION 6 zm




Cerebral infarction zm




ANSWER

ischemic- white infarct (affected area is pale and soft 6-
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm



12 hours after). necrosis appears by 48 to 72 hours. Infiltration of macrophages and phagocytosis of
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm z



mnecrotic tissue. necrosis resolves around the 2nd week. glial scarring.
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm




QUESTION 7 zm




excitotoxins
ANSWER

Toxins (usually amino acids) that overstimulate glutamate release and cause neuron suicide.
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm




QUESTION 8 zm




Subarachnoid hemorrhage zm




ANSWER

Bleeding into the subarachnoid space, where the cerebrospinal fluid circulates. -
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm



ruptured intracranial aneurysm/trauma -
zm zm zm



IICP/irritates meningeal tissues/produces inflammation, blood coats nerve roots, impairs CSF circulat
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm



ion -compensatory increase in SBP
zm zm zm zm




QUESTION 9 zm

, Meningitis
ANSWER

Bacterial- Meningococcus and S. pneumococcus bacteria are most common Viral-
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm



Specific pathogen cannot be found in CSF
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm




QUESTION 10 zm




Prostate cancer prevention zm zm




ANSWER

-Eat a low fat diet - Slow growing cancer so DRE and PSA testing prevents
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm




QUESTION 11 zm




BPH and the urinary system
zm zm zm zm




ANSWER

- Chronic inflammation -Bladder outflow obstruction -Urge to pee often -delay in starting stream -
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm



Decreased force of stream -
zm zm zm zm zm



Urinary retention/ overflow incontinence (late sign) Complications: Hematuria, infections, bladder cal
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm



culi, retention, hydronephrosis, renal insufficiency
zm zm zm zm




QUESTION 12 zm




Cause of respiratory Alkalosis
zm zm zm




ANSWER

- fever -anemia, -anxiety, panic -thyrotoxicosis -hyperventilation
zm zm zm zm zm zm




QUESTION 13 zm




buffer molecules zm




ANSWER

-Plasma- Bicarbonate-carbonic acid and HGB. -Intracellular- Phosphate and protein Renal-
zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm zm



Ammonia and Phosphate
zm zm zm




QUESTION 14 zm




Cushing's disease zm




ANSWER