STUDY GUIDE WITH PRACTICE QUESTIONS,
ANSWERS, AND RATIONALES
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Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
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Rationales Included
, Pre and Post Test or Single Case Study (AB) Comparison of behavior before treatment (baseline) and behavior after the
start of treatment (intervention)
Reversal or Multiple Baseline (ABA or ABAB)
Internal Validity addresses the extent to which casual inferences can be made about the
intervention and the targeted behavior
External Validity addresses how generalizable those inferences are to the general population
Precontemplation -1st stage of transtheoretical model of behavioral change
-Client is not yet thinking about changing
Contemplation -2nd stage of transtheoretical model of behavioral change
-Client is ambivalent about making change
Preparation -3rd stage of transtheoretical model of behavioral change
-Client making small changes in preparation for a change in the next month
Action -4th stage of transtheoretical model of behavioral change
-Client moves toward a goal
Maintenance -5th stage of transtheoretical model of behavioral change
-Sustains behavior and avoids relapse
Formative Evaluation ongoing process that allows for feedback to be implemented during service
delivery, allows for changes to be made as needed
Summative Evaluation occur at the end of services and provide an overall description of their
effectiveness. examines outcomes to determine whether objective were met
SOAP Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Plan
(S) Subjective a client's report of how he or she has been doing since the last visit and or what
brought a client into treatment
(O) Objective vital signs, physical examinations, lab tests, disorientation, legal issues, failing
school
(A) Assessment Pulls together subjective and objective into a short assessment
(P) Plan What will be done as a consequence of the assessment