PHILOSOPHY LOGIC FINAL EXAM STUDY
GUIDE | 2026 UPDATED PRACTICE
QUESTIONS, ANSWERS, AND RATIONALES
| GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep and Comprehensive
Rationales Included
,Consider the two statements a
1. (p → q) ∧ (p → ¬q) You can see that 1 is not a contradiction because p false makes it true.
2. (p → q) ∧ (¬p → q). You can see that 2 is not a contradiction because q true makes it true.
a. neither is a contradiction.
b. 2. is a contradiction, 1. is not.
c. They are both contradictions.
d. 1. is a contradiction, 2. is not.
Identify the converse, inverse and contrapositive of: Converse: If its a rectangle, then it's a square.
If it's a square, then it is a rectangle.
Converse:
Identify the converse, inverse and contrapositive of: If its not a square, then its not a rectangle.
If it's a square, then it is a rectangle.
Inverse:
Identify the converse, inverse and contrapositive of: If it's a not a rectangle, then its not a square.
If it's a square, then it is a rectangle.
Contrapositive:
True or false? The two statements True
(p ∧ q) → r
and
(p → r) ∨ (q → r)
are logically equivalent.
, Select which one of the following statements is logically c
equivalent to (p → q) → r:
a. (p ∧ q) ∨ ¬r
b. (p ∧ q) ∨ r
c. (p ∧ ¬q) ∨ r
d. (¬p ∧ q) ∨ r
Given real numbers x and y, find the inverse of c
x > 0 ∧ y ≥ 0 → x + y > 0.
a. x < 0 ∧ y ≤ 0 → x + y < 0
b. ¬x > 0 ∧ ¬y ≥ 0 → ¬x + ¬y > 0
c. x ≤ 0 ∨ y < 0 → x + y ≤ 0
d. x ≤ 0 ∧ y < 0 → x + y ≤ 0
e. x < 0 ∨ y ≤ 0 → x + y < 0
What is the negation of "Chris has a cat or a dog"? a
a. Chris has neither cat nor dog.
b. Chris doesn't have a pet.
c. Chris doesn't have a cat, or Chris doesn't have a dog.
d. Chris has a cat but not a dog, or Chris has a dog but
not a cat.
True or false? "Having money is a necessary condition for false
happiness" means that having money guarantees
happiness. "Having money is a necessary condition for happiness" does not mean that having
money guarantees happiness. It means that having money is a precondition for
happiness. It is saying that if you are happy, then you must have money.
True or false? "Absence of evidence of illness is false
necessary for a clean bill of health from a doctor" means
that if you have no evidence of illness, a doctor will give The statement is false. "Absence of evidence of illness is necessary for a clean bill
you a clean bill of health. of health from a doctor" only means that lack of evidence of illness is a
precondition for receiving a clean bill of health from a doctor, but may not
guarantee it.
GUIDE | 2026 UPDATED PRACTICE
QUESTIONS, ANSWERS, AND RATIONALES
| GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep and Comprehensive
Rationales Included
,Consider the two statements a
1. (p → q) ∧ (p → ¬q) You can see that 1 is not a contradiction because p false makes it true.
2. (p → q) ∧ (¬p → q). You can see that 2 is not a contradiction because q true makes it true.
a. neither is a contradiction.
b. 2. is a contradiction, 1. is not.
c. They are both contradictions.
d. 1. is a contradiction, 2. is not.
Identify the converse, inverse and contrapositive of: Converse: If its a rectangle, then it's a square.
If it's a square, then it is a rectangle.
Converse:
Identify the converse, inverse and contrapositive of: If its not a square, then its not a rectangle.
If it's a square, then it is a rectangle.
Inverse:
Identify the converse, inverse and contrapositive of: If it's a not a rectangle, then its not a square.
If it's a square, then it is a rectangle.
Contrapositive:
True or false? The two statements True
(p ∧ q) → r
and
(p → r) ∨ (q → r)
are logically equivalent.
, Select which one of the following statements is logically c
equivalent to (p → q) → r:
a. (p ∧ q) ∨ ¬r
b. (p ∧ q) ∨ r
c. (p ∧ ¬q) ∨ r
d. (¬p ∧ q) ∨ r
Given real numbers x and y, find the inverse of c
x > 0 ∧ y ≥ 0 → x + y > 0.
a. x < 0 ∧ y ≤ 0 → x + y < 0
b. ¬x > 0 ∧ ¬y ≥ 0 → ¬x + ¬y > 0
c. x ≤ 0 ∨ y < 0 → x + y ≤ 0
d. x ≤ 0 ∧ y < 0 → x + y ≤ 0
e. x < 0 ∨ y ≤ 0 → x + y < 0
What is the negation of "Chris has a cat or a dog"? a
a. Chris has neither cat nor dog.
b. Chris doesn't have a pet.
c. Chris doesn't have a cat, or Chris doesn't have a dog.
d. Chris has a cat but not a dog, or Chris has a dog but
not a cat.
True or false? "Having money is a necessary condition for false
happiness" means that having money guarantees
happiness. "Having money is a necessary condition for happiness" does not mean that having
money guarantees happiness. It means that having money is a precondition for
happiness. It is saying that if you are happy, then you must have money.
True or false? "Absence of evidence of illness is false
necessary for a clean bill of health from a doctor" means
that if you have no evidence of illness, a doctor will give The statement is false. "Absence of evidence of illness is necessary for a clean bill
you a clean bill of health. of health from a doctor" only means that lack of evidence of illness is a
precondition for receiving a clean bill of health from a doctor, but may not
guarantee it.
