PSY 316 MIDTERM 1 EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS ALL CORRECT
What are some things noticed during dichotic listening? - Answer- -whether they hear
their own name (cocktail party effect
-whether it is a male or female voice
-whether it is human speech or musical instruments
_____________ refers to an observer's inability to detect change in scenes they're
looking at directly. - Answer- Change blindness
What are two factors that influence what you attend to? - Answer- -If the stimulus
something you're expecting
-If the stimulus something you've encountered before or that has special meaning
Explain Endogenous and Exogenous systems. - Answer- Endogenous system:
-voluntary, goal-directed
—Controlled by intentions and expectations
—Central cues
Exogenous system:
-involuntary, stimulus-driven
—Responds to salient stimuli
—Peripheral cues
Explain stimulus-based and exception-based priming. - Answer- -Stimulus-based
priming: no matter what you're expecting, there should be a benefit to having same
prime and target
-Expectation-based priming: there should be a benefit to knowing what letter is coming
up, cost to preparing for wrong stimulus
What are two factors that affect stimulus-based and exception-based priming. (Bonus
question: which one effect which?) - Answer- -Time frame: Stimulus-based priming is
immediate, expectation-based is not
-Cost/use of resources: Stimulus-based priming doesn't use resources
________________ is the idea that visual attention illuminates small part of space, and
outside of that, little can be seen. - Answer- Spotlight/Zoom-lens
, What are the processes involved in attention? And what do they control? - Answer- -
Alerting: Maintaining focus over a period of time/ achieving and maintaining an alert
state
-Orienting: Directing attention to a location/ select information from sensory input
-Executive control: Resolving conflict among responses
_________________ is when patients ignore all inputs coming from one side of the
body. - Answer- Unilateral Neglect Syndrome
Explain space-based and object-based attention. - Answer- Space-based:
-studies show locations can be primed
-a person directs there attention somewhere before there is an object there
Object-based:
-there are cues within objects or across them
-cue appears to signal where target would be
_________________ is the effort to divide your focus between multiple tasks or inputs
at the same time. - Answer- Divided Attention
Attention requires resources.
A. True
B. False - Answer- A. True
What was the major example used when discussing divided attention?
A. Watching TV while watching children
B. Talking while watching children
C. Talking to another person while driving
D. Using cell phones while driving - Answer- D. Using cell phones while driving
____________ is the study of knowledge. - Answer- Cognitive psychology
The field of cognitive psychology is relatively new and started in the 1960s.
a. true
b. false - Answer- a. true
_______________ is described as observing and recording your own thoughts and
experiences. - Answer- Introspection
________________ is described as changes as a response to stimuli, like rewards and
punishments. - Answer- Behaviorism
What are potential issues with introspection? - Answer- -There is no way to compare
people's thoughts
-Thoughts are not always conscious
-It is not possible to test objectivity
AND ANSWERS ALL CORRECT
What are some things noticed during dichotic listening? - Answer- -whether they hear
their own name (cocktail party effect
-whether it is a male or female voice
-whether it is human speech or musical instruments
_____________ refers to an observer's inability to detect change in scenes they're
looking at directly. - Answer- Change blindness
What are two factors that influence what you attend to? - Answer- -If the stimulus
something you're expecting
-If the stimulus something you've encountered before or that has special meaning
Explain Endogenous and Exogenous systems. - Answer- Endogenous system:
-voluntary, goal-directed
—Controlled by intentions and expectations
—Central cues
Exogenous system:
-involuntary, stimulus-driven
—Responds to salient stimuli
—Peripheral cues
Explain stimulus-based and exception-based priming. - Answer- -Stimulus-based
priming: no matter what you're expecting, there should be a benefit to having same
prime and target
-Expectation-based priming: there should be a benefit to knowing what letter is coming
up, cost to preparing for wrong stimulus
What are two factors that affect stimulus-based and exception-based priming. (Bonus
question: which one effect which?) - Answer- -Time frame: Stimulus-based priming is
immediate, expectation-based is not
-Cost/use of resources: Stimulus-based priming doesn't use resources
________________ is the idea that visual attention illuminates small part of space, and
outside of that, little can be seen. - Answer- Spotlight/Zoom-lens
, What are the processes involved in attention? And what do they control? - Answer- -
Alerting: Maintaining focus over a period of time/ achieving and maintaining an alert
state
-Orienting: Directing attention to a location/ select information from sensory input
-Executive control: Resolving conflict among responses
_________________ is when patients ignore all inputs coming from one side of the
body. - Answer- Unilateral Neglect Syndrome
Explain space-based and object-based attention. - Answer- Space-based:
-studies show locations can be primed
-a person directs there attention somewhere before there is an object there
Object-based:
-there are cues within objects or across them
-cue appears to signal where target would be
_________________ is the effort to divide your focus between multiple tasks or inputs
at the same time. - Answer- Divided Attention
Attention requires resources.
A. True
B. False - Answer- A. True
What was the major example used when discussing divided attention?
A. Watching TV while watching children
B. Talking while watching children
C. Talking to another person while driving
D. Using cell phones while driving - Answer- D. Using cell phones while driving
____________ is the study of knowledge. - Answer- Cognitive psychology
The field of cognitive psychology is relatively new and started in the 1960s.
a. true
b. false - Answer- a. true
_______________ is described as observing and recording your own thoughts and
experiences. - Answer- Introspection
________________ is described as changes as a response to stimuli, like rewards and
punishments. - Answer- Behaviorism
What are potential issues with introspection? - Answer- -There is no way to compare
people's thoughts
-Thoughts are not always conscious
-It is not possible to test objectivity
