NUR210 / NUR 210 Exam 2 Principles of
Pharmacology Actual Exam 2026/2027 |
Complete Exam-Style Questions | 100%
Verified – Detailed Rationales – Pass
Guaranteed – A+ Graded
Questions 1–10: Pharmacokinetics (ADME)
1. A drug given intravenously reaches peak concentration faster than the
same drug given orally. This is primarily due to:
A) First-pass metabolism
B) Faster absorption
C) Increased protein binding
D) Longer half-life
Correct ,,,answer,,,: B
Rationale: IV administration bypasses absorption barriers, delivering drug directly
into systemic circulation. Oral drugs undergo absorption and first-pass metabolism
(A).
2. A patient with liver cirrhosis has decreased metabolism of a drug. This
affects which pharmacokinetic phase?
A) Absorption
B) Distribution
,C) Metabolism
D) Excretion
Correct ,,,answer,,,: C
Rationale: Metabolism (biotransformation) occurs primarily in the liver. Liver
disease reduces metabolic capacity.
3. Which factor most increases drug distribution to tissues?
A) High protein binding
B) Low lipid solubility
C) High lipid solubility
D) Large molecular size
Correct ,,,answer,,,: C
Rationale: Highly lipid-soluble drugs cross cell membranes easily, distributing
widely into tissues.
4. A drug has a half-life of 4 hours. Approximately how long until it reaches
steady state?
A) 8 hours
B) 12 hours
C) 20 hours
D) 40 hours
Correct ,,,answer,,,: C
Rationale: Steady state is reached in 4–5 half-lives. 4 × 5 = 20 hours.
,5. Which organ is primarily responsible for drug excretion?
A) Liver
B) Kidney
C) Lungs
D) Skin
Correct ,,,answer,,,: B
Rationale: The kidneys excrete most drugs and metabolites via urine. Liver (A) is
primary for metabolism.
6. First-pass metabolism reduces bioavailability of drugs given by which
route?
A) Intravenous
B) Sublingual
C) Oral
D) Transdermal
Correct ,,,answer,,,: C
Rationale: Oral drugs pass through the liver via portal circulation before reaching
systemic circulation, where metabolism occurs.
7. A highly protein-bound drug is displaced by another drug. What is the
expected effect?
A) Decreased free drug concentration
B) Increased free drug concentration and possible toxicity
, C) No change in drug effect
D) Decreased drug half-life
Correct ,,,answer,,,: B
Rationale: Displacement increases unbound (active) drug, potentially causing
toxicity.
8. A patient with renal failure has reduced creatinine clearance. Which drug
adjustment is most appropriate?
A) Increase dose
B) Decrease dose or prolong interval
C) Change to IV route
D) Add a second drug
Correct ,,,answer,,,: B
Rationale: Reduced excretion requires lower dose or longer intervals to prevent
accumulation.
9. The volume of distribution (Vd) of a drug is high. This indicates the drug is:
A) Mostly in plasma
B) Highly protein bound
C) Widely distributed into tissues
D) Rapidly excreted
Correct ,,,answer,,,: C
Rationale: High Vd means drug leaves plasma and concentrates in tissues.
Pharmacology Actual Exam 2026/2027 |
Complete Exam-Style Questions | 100%
Verified – Detailed Rationales – Pass
Guaranteed – A+ Graded
Questions 1–10: Pharmacokinetics (ADME)
1. A drug given intravenously reaches peak concentration faster than the
same drug given orally. This is primarily due to:
A) First-pass metabolism
B) Faster absorption
C) Increased protein binding
D) Longer half-life
Correct ,,,answer,,,: B
Rationale: IV administration bypasses absorption barriers, delivering drug directly
into systemic circulation. Oral drugs undergo absorption and first-pass metabolism
(A).
2. A patient with liver cirrhosis has decreased metabolism of a drug. This
affects which pharmacokinetic phase?
A) Absorption
B) Distribution
,C) Metabolism
D) Excretion
Correct ,,,answer,,,: C
Rationale: Metabolism (biotransformation) occurs primarily in the liver. Liver
disease reduces metabolic capacity.
3. Which factor most increases drug distribution to tissues?
A) High protein binding
B) Low lipid solubility
C) High lipid solubility
D) Large molecular size
Correct ,,,answer,,,: C
Rationale: Highly lipid-soluble drugs cross cell membranes easily, distributing
widely into tissues.
4. A drug has a half-life of 4 hours. Approximately how long until it reaches
steady state?
A) 8 hours
B) 12 hours
C) 20 hours
D) 40 hours
Correct ,,,answer,,,: C
Rationale: Steady state is reached in 4–5 half-lives. 4 × 5 = 20 hours.
,5. Which organ is primarily responsible for drug excretion?
A) Liver
B) Kidney
C) Lungs
D) Skin
Correct ,,,answer,,,: B
Rationale: The kidneys excrete most drugs and metabolites via urine. Liver (A) is
primary for metabolism.
6. First-pass metabolism reduces bioavailability of drugs given by which
route?
A) Intravenous
B) Sublingual
C) Oral
D) Transdermal
Correct ,,,answer,,,: C
Rationale: Oral drugs pass through the liver via portal circulation before reaching
systemic circulation, where metabolism occurs.
7. A highly protein-bound drug is displaced by another drug. What is the
expected effect?
A) Decreased free drug concentration
B) Increased free drug concentration and possible toxicity
, C) No change in drug effect
D) Decreased drug half-life
Correct ,,,answer,,,: B
Rationale: Displacement increases unbound (active) drug, potentially causing
toxicity.
8. A patient with renal failure has reduced creatinine clearance. Which drug
adjustment is most appropriate?
A) Increase dose
B) Decrease dose or prolong interval
C) Change to IV route
D) Add a second drug
Correct ,,,answer,,,: B
Rationale: Reduced excretion requires lower dose or longer intervals to prevent
accumulation.
9. The volume of distribution (Vd) of a drug is high. This indicates the drug is:
A) Mostly in plasma
B) Highly protein bound
C) Widely distributed into tissues
D) Rapidly excreted
Correct ,,,answer,,,: C
Rationale: High Vd means drug leaves plasma and concentrates in tissues.
