PAT MODULES 1-6 ACTUAL TEST PAPER
2026 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ What are the 3 components of evidence-based medicine triad?
Answer: i. Individual clinical expertise
ii. Best external evidence
iii. Patient values and expectations
◉ What are the 5A's of the evidence-based medical practice process?
Answer: a. Ask- form a clinical question
b. Acquire- search for relevant evidence
c. Appraise- critically evaluate the evidence
d. Apply- integrate evidence with personal expertise and patient
preferences into
practice
e. Assess- evaluate effectiveness of the implemented change
◉ Identify the types of reviews used to generate the evidence for
evidence-based medical practice (EBMP) Answer: Cochrane reviews:
i. Systematic reviews of primary research in healthcare
ii. Analyzes intervention effects
,◉ Identify healthcare profession(s) that utilize evidence in professional
practice Answer: Healthcare professions that heavily utilize evidence in
their professional practice include nurses, physicians, physical
therapists, occupational therapists, physician assistants, and pharmacists;
essentially, any healthcare provider who makes clinical decisions based
on the best available research evidence to optimize patient care
◉ Explain the pyramid of evidence in terms of quality of evidence
Answer: Quality of evidence:
i. The bottom of the pyramid begins with lab tests and animal studies
ii. The top of the pyramid ends with systematic reviews, meta-analysis,
and cohort studies
◉ Describe the reviews that are recognized internationally as the highest
standard of evidence-based medical practice (EBMP) Answer: Cochran
reviews are the highest standard in EBP
◉ What is quantitative research? Answer: an approach that uses
structured, hypothesis-driven approaches to
gather data that can be statistically analyzed
◉ Compare and contrast qualitative and quantitative research Answer:
Quantitative:
i. Observable (numbers) ii. Formal
ii. Formal
iii. Deductive (theory-driven; use data to test theories)
,Qualitative:
i. Attributed meanings (opinions)
ii. Informal
iii. Inductive (data-driven; use data to generate theories)
◉ Identify and describe types of quantitative research Answer: a.
Descriptive: seeks overall summary of study variables
b. Correlational: relationships between variables without manipulation
c. Experimental: relationships between variables with manipulation from
experimenter
d. Quasi-Experimental: similar to experimental, except it lacks random
assignment of
participants to groups
e. Survey
f. Longitudinal: data from same individuals/groups over a long period of
time
g. Cross-sectional: data from a specific population at a single point in
time
h. Ex Post Facto: studies effects of independent variables that are
beyond the control
of the researcher
◉ Define hypothesis and describe different formats in which the
hypothesis can be written Answer: Hypothesis: must be testable, based
on objectives of the study and stated clearly and succinctly in a focused
manner
, i. Null hypothesis: no significant difference
ii. Alternative hypothesis: is significant difference
iii. Cause and Effect Hypothesis: when this occurs, it causes an effect on
something else
◉ Distinguish between internal and external validity Answer: a. Internal
validity: ability to attribute differences in experimental results to an
independent variable
i. Placebo effect, researcher bias, instrumentation error
b. External validity: extent to which study results are generalizable to a
population
◉ What is validity? Answer: extent to which the test measures what it is
intended to measure
◉ What is reliability? Answer: extent to which the test or measurement
is reproducible
◉ What is the placebo effect? Answer: health outcome that can occur
when a person expects an intervention to help
◉ What is a median? Answer: middle score of the group of scores
◉ What is mode? Answer: most frequently occurring score in a group of
scores
2026 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ What are the 3 components of evidence-based medicine triad?
Answer: i. Individual clinical expertise
ii. Best external evidence
iii. Patient values and expectations
◉ What are the 5A's of the evidence-based medical practice process?
Answer: a. Ask- form a clinical question
b. Acquire- search for relevant evidence
c. Appraise- critically evaluate the evidence
d. Apply- integrate evidence with personal expertise and patient
preferences into
practice
e. Assess- evaluate effectiveness of the implemented change
◉ Identify the types of reviews used to generate the evidence for
evidence-based medical practice (EBMP) Answer: Cochrane reviews:
i. Systematic reviews of primary research in healthcare
ii. Analyzes intervention effects
,◉ Identify healthcare profession(s) that utilize evidence in professional
practice Answer: Healthcare professions that heavily utilize evidence in
their professional practice include nurses, physicians, physical
therapists, occupational therapists, physician assistants, and pharmacists;
essentially, any healthcare provider who makes clinical decisions based
on the best available research evidence to optimize patient care
◉ Explain the pyramid of evidence in terms of quality of evidence
Answer: Quality of evidence:
i. The bottom of the pyramid begins with lab tests and animal studies
ii. The top of the pyramid ends with systematic reviews, meta-analysis,
and cohort studies
◉ Describe the reviews that are recognized internationally as the highest
standard of evidence-based medical practice (EBMP) Answer: Cochran
reviews are the highest standard in EBP
◉ What is quantitative research? Answer: an approach that uses
structured, hypothesis-driven approaches to
gather data that can be statistically analyzed
◉ Compare and contrast qualitative and quantitative research Answer:
Quantitative:
i. Observable (numbers) ii. Formal
ii. Formal
iii. Deductive (theory-driven; use data to test theories)
,Qualitative:
i. Attributed meanings (opinions)
ii. Informal
iii. Inductive (data-driven; use data to generate theories)
◉ Identify and describe types of quantitative research Answer: a.
Descriptive: seeks overall summary of study variables
b. Correlational: relationships between variables without manipulation
c. Experimental: relationships between variables with manipulation from
experimenter
d. Quasi-Experimental: similar to experimental, except it lacks random
assignment of
participants to groups
e. Survey
f. Longitudinal: data from same individuals/groups over a long period of
time
g. Cross-sectional: data from a specific population at a single point in
time
h. Ex Post Facto: studies effects of independent variables that are
beyond the control
of the researcher
◉ Define hypothesis and describe different formats in which the
hypothesis can be written Answer: Hypothesis: must be testable, based
on objectives of the study and stated clearly and succinctly in a focused
manner
, i. Null hypothesis: no significant difference
ii. Alternative hypothesis: is significant difference
iii. Cause and Effect Hypothesis: when this occurs, it causes an effect on
something else
◉ Distinguish between internal and external validity Answer: a. Internal
validity: ability to attribute differences in experimental results to an
independent variable
i. Placebo effect, researcher bias, instrumentation error
b. External validity: extent to which study results are generalizable to a
population
◉ What is validity? Answer: extent to which the test measures what it is
intended to measure
◉ What is reliability? Answer: extent to which the test or measurement
is reproducible
◉ What is the placebo effect? Answer: health outcome that can occur
when a person expects an intervention to help
◉ What is a median? Answer: middle score of the group of scores
◉ What is mode? Answer: most frequently occurring score in a group of
scores
