NUR2459 Exam 3 Actual Exam Style V2 |
NUR 2459 Mental and Behavioral Health
Nursing | Rasmussen
1. A nurse is assessing an elderly client who was admitted for a urinary tract infection and is
now showing signs of acute confusion. Which condition should the nurse suspect?
A. Alzheimer’s Disease
B. Delirium
C. Vascular Dementia
D. Depression
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Delirium is characterized by an acute onset of confusion and
fluctuating levels of consciousness. It is often triggered by an underlying medical condition
such as a urinary tract infection in older adults. Unlike dementia, delirium is typically
reversible once the primary cause is treated.
2. Which of the following is a primary difference between delirium and dementia?
A. Dementia has a sudden onset, while delirium is gradual.
B. Delirium affects memory, while dementia does not.
C. Delirium features a fluctuating level of consciousness, while dementia is stable.
D. Dementia is always reversible, while delirium is permanent.
,Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Delirium involves a disturbed level of consciousness that tends to
vary throughout the day. Dementia is a progressive, chronic decline in cognitive function
with a stable level of awareness until late stages. Distinguishing between the two is vital for
determining the urgency of medical intervention.
3. A client with Alzheimer’s disease is unable to recognize familiar objects like a hairbrush.
The nurse documents this finding as:
A. Agnosia
B. Apraxia
C. Aphasia
D. Amnesia
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Agnosia is the inability to recognize and identify objects or persons
despite having intact sensory function. It is a common cognitive deficit seen as
neurodegenerative diseases progress. This condition can lead to significant safety risks and
frustration for the client.
4. The nurse is providing care for a client in the middle stage of Alzheimer’s disease. Which
intervention is most appropriate to help the client remain oriented?
A. Change the room layout frequently to provide stimulation.
B. Place large, clear clocks and calendars in the client’s room.
, C. Avoid talking about the past to prevent confusion.
D. Give complex, multi-step instructions for daily tasks.
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Environmental cues such as large clocks and calendars help provide
reality orientation for clients with cognitive impairment. Consistency and a predictable
environment are essential for reducing anxiety in Alzheimer’s patients. Complex
instructions should be avoided as they lead to frustration and decreased functional ability.
5. Which medication is classified as an NMDA receptor antagonist used for moderate to
severe Alzheimer’s disease?
A. Donepezil
B. Rivastigmine
C. Galantamine
D. Memantine
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Memantine works by regulating the activity of glutamate, a chemical
messenger involved in information processing. It is specifically indicated for the moderate
to severe stages of Alzheimer’s disease. The other choices provided are cholinesterase
inhibitors, which work through a different mechanism.
NUR 2459 Mental and Behavioral Health
Nursing | Rasmussen
1. A nurse is assessing an elderly client who was admitted for a urinary tract infection and is
now showing signs of acute confusion. Which condition should the nurse suspect?
A. Alzheimer’s Disease
B. Delirium
C. Vascular Dementia
D. Depression
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Delirium is characterized by an acute onset of confusion and
fluctuating levels of consciousness. It is often triggered by an underlying medical condition
such as a urinary tract infection in older adults. Unlike dementia, delirium is typically
reversible once the primary cause is treated.
2. Which of the following is a primary difference between delirium and dementia?
A. Dementia has a sudden onset, while delirium is gradual.
B. Delirium affects memory, while dementia does not.
C. Delirium features a fluctuating level of consciousness, while dementia is stable.
D. Dementia is always reversible, while delirium is permanent.
,Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Delirium involves a disturbed level of consciousness that tends to
vary throughout the day. Dementia is a progressive, chronic decline in cognitive function
with a stable level of awareness until late stages. Distinguishing between the two is vital for
determining the urgency of medical intervention.
3. A client with Alzheimer’s disease is unable to recognize familiar objects like a hairbrush.
The nurse documents this finding as:
A. Agnosia
B. Apraxia
C. Aphasia
D. Amnesia
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Agnosia is the inability to recognize and identify objects or persons
despite having intact sensory function. It is a common cognitive deficit seen as
neurodegenerative diseases progress. This condition can lead to significant safety risks and
frustration for the client.
4. The nurse is providing care for a client in the middle stage of Alzheimer’s disease. Which
intervention is most appropriate to help the client remain oriented?
A. Change the room layout frequently to provide stimulation.
B. Place large, clear clocks and calendars in the client’s room.
, C. Avoid talking about the past to prevent confusion.
D. Give complex, multi-step instructions for daily tasks.
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Environmental cues such as large clocks and calendars help provide
reality orientation for clients with cognitive impairment. Consistency and a predictable
environment are essential for reducing anxiety in Alzheimer’s patients. Complex
instructions should be avoided as they lead to frustration and decreased functional ability.
5. Which medication is classified as an NMDA receptor antagonist used for moderate to
severe Alzheimer’s disease?
A. Donepezil
B. Rivastigmine
C. Galantamine
D. Memantine
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Memantine works by regulating the activity of glutamate, a chemical
messenger involved in information processing. It is specifically indicated for the moderate
to severe stages of Alzheimer’s disease. The other choices provided are cholinesterase
inhibitors, which work through a different mechanism.
