PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
REVIEW
When;an;aide;asks;the;nurse;about;the;purpose;of;the;inflammatory;process,;how;should;t
he;nurse;respond?
a.;To;lyse;cell;membranes;of;microorganisms.
b.;To;create;immunity;against;subsequent;tissue;injury.
c.;To;prevent;infection;of;the;injured;tissue.
d.;To;provide;specific;responses;toward;antigens.;-;ANS--✔✔c
The;phase;of;the;cell;cycle;during;which;the;centromeres;split;and;the;sister;chromatids;ar
e;pulled;apart;is;referred;to;as:
a.;anaphase.
b.;prophase.
c.;metaphase.
d.;telophase.;-;ANS--✔✔a
While;reading;a;textbook,;a;student;reads;the;term;apoptosis.;The;student;recalls;that;apo
ptosis;is;a;condition;in;which;cells;program;themselves;to:
a.;regenerate.
b.;die.
c.;atrophy.
d.;age.;-;ANS--✔✔b
A;12-year-
old;male;is;diagnosed;with;Klinefelter;syndrome.;His;karyotype;would;reveal;which;of;the;f
ollowing?
a.;XXY
b.;XYY
c.;XX
d.;XY;-;ANS--✔✔a
A;30-year-
old;male;was;involved;in;a;motor;vehicle;accident.;The;glass;from;the;shattered;window;cu
,t;his;face;and;neck.;The;scar,;however,;was;raised;and;extended;beyond;the;original;boun
daries;of;the;wound.;This;pattern;of;scarring;is;caused;by;impaired:
a.;nutritional;status.
b.;contraction.
c.;epithelialization.
d.;collagen;synthesis.;-;ANS--✔✔d
When;planning;care;for;a;cardiac;patient,;the;nurse;knows;that;in;response;to;an;increased
;workload,;cardiac;myocardial;cells;will;experience;hypertrophy;which;is;an:
a.;increase;in;size.
b.;increase;in;excitability.
c.;decrease;in;number.
d.;decrease;in;length.;-;ANS--✔✔a
The;nurse;identified;each;of;the;following;clinical;manifestations;of;inflammation.;Which;w
ould;the;nurse;classify;as;a;local;response?;(select;all;that;apply)
a.;Swelling
b.;Fever
c.;Heat
d.;Redness
e.;Pain;-;ANS--✔✔a,c,d,e
Which;finding;would;support;the;diagnosis;of;respiratory;acidosis?
a.;Hyperventilation
b.;Pneumonia
c.;An;increase;in;noncarbonic;acids
d.;Vomiting;-;ANS--✔✔b
A;patient;wants;to;know;the;risk;factors;for;Down;syndrome.;What;is;the;nurse's;best;respo
nse?
a.;Increased;paternal;age.
b.;Fetal;exposure;to;mutagens;in;the;uterus.
c.;Family;history;of;Down;syndrome.
d.;Pregnancy;in;women;over;age;35.;-;ANS--✔✔d
For;a;patient;with;respiratory;acidosis,;chronic;compensation;by;the;body;will;include:
a.;protein;buffering.
b.;kidney;excretion;of;H+.
c.;kidney;excretion;of;HCO3.
d.;prolonged;exhalations;to;blow;off;CO2.;-;ANS--✔✔b
,Cystic;fibrosis;is;caused;by;what;gene;abnormality?
a.;X-linked;dominant
b.;Autosomal;dominant
c.;Autosomal;recessive
d.;X-linked;recessive;-;ANS--✔✔c
A;10-year-old;male;is;brought;to;the;emergency;room;
(ER);incoherent;and;semiconscious.;CT;scan;reveals;that;he;is;suffering;from;cerebral;ede
ma.;This;type;of;edema;is;referred;to;as:
a.;pitting;edema.
b.;lymphedema.
c.;generalized;edema.
d.;localized;edema.;-;ANS--✔✔d
During;which;process;are;bacteria;engulfed;for;ingestion?
a.;Exocytosis
b.;Endocytosis
c.;Pinocytosis
d.;Phagocytosis;-;ANS--✔✔d
A;nurse;is;reviewing;lab;reports.;The;nurse;recalls;blood;plasma;is;located;in;which;of;the;f
ollowing;fluid;compartments?
a.;Intracellular;fluid;(ICF)
b.;Intravascular;fluid
c.;Extracellular;fluid;(ECF)
d.;Interstitial;fluid;-;ANS--✔✔b
Which;patient;should;the;nurse;assess;for;both;hyperkalemia;and;metabolic;acidosis?;A;p
atient;diagnosed;with:
a.;pulmonary;disorders.
b.;Cushing;syndrome.
c.;renal;failure.
d.;diabetes;insipidus.;-;ANS--✔✔c
When;the;nurse;is;teaching;the;staff;about;X-
linked;recessive;disorders,;which;information;should;the;nurse;include?;
(select;all;that;apply)
a.;The;trait;is;seen;much;more;often;in;females;than;in;males.
, b.;The;trait;never;skips;generations.
c.;The;gene;can;be;transmitted;through;a;series;of;carrier;females.
d.;The;trait;is;never;transmitted;from;father;to;son.
e.;The;gene;is;passed;from;an;affected;father;to;all;his;daughters.;-;ANS--✔✔c,d,e
A;10-year-
old;male;is;stung;by;a;bee;while;playing;in;the;yard.;He;experiences;a;severe;allergic;reacti
on;and;has;to;go;to;the;ER.;The;nurse;providing;care;realizes;this;reaction;is;the;result;of:
a.;IgA.
b.;IgM.
c.;IgE.
d.;toxoids.;-;ANS--✔✔c
A;child;fell;off;a;swing;and;scraped;his;right;knee.;The;injured;area;becomes;painful.;What;
else;will;the;nurse;observe;upon;assessment?
a.;Vasoconstriction;at;injured;site
b.;Pale;skin;at;injured;site
c.;Decreased;RBC;concentration;at;injured;site
d.;Edema;at;injured;site;-;ANS--✔✔d
Which;of;the;following;buffer;pairs;is;considered;the;major;plasma;buffering;system?
a;.Sodium/potassium
b.;Amylase/albumin
c.;Carbonic;acid/bicarbonate
d.;Protein/fat;-;ANS--✔✔c
A;DNA;strand;has;a;region;with;the;sequence;ATCGGAT.;Which;of;the;following;would;be;
a;complementary;strand?
a.;UAGCCUAG
b.;TUGCCTUG
c.;TAGCCTAG
d.;CGATACGT;-;ANS--✔✔c
A;75-year-
old;male;presents;with;chest;pain;on;exertion.;The;chest;pain;is;most;likely;due;to;hypoxic;i
njury;secondary;to:
a.;free;radicals.
b.;chemical;toxicity.
c.;malnutrition.
d.;ischemia.;-;ANS--✔✔d
REVIEW
When;an;aide;asks;the;nurse;about;the;purpose;of;the;inflammatory;process,;how;should;t
he;nurse;respond?
a.;To;lyse;cell;membranes;of;microorganisms.
b.;To;create;immunity;against;subsequent;tissue;injury.
c.;To;prevent;infection;of;the;injured;tissue.
d.;To;provide;specific;responses;toward;antigens.;-;ANS--✔✔c
The;phase;of;the;cell;cycle;during;which;the;centromeres;split;and;the;sister;chromatids;ar
e;pulled;apart;is;referred;to;as:
a.;anaphase.
b.;prophase.
c.;metaphase.
d.;telophase.;-;ANS--✔✔a
While;reading;a;textbook,;a;student;reads;the;term;apoptosis.;The;student;recalls;that;apo
ptosis;is;a;condition;in;which;cells;program;themselves;to:
a.;regenerate.
b.;die.
c.;atrophy.
d.;age.;-;ANS--✔✔b
A;12-year-
old;male;is;diagnosed;with;Klinefelter;syndrome.;His;karyotype;would;reveal;which;of;the;f
ollowing?
a.;XXY
b.;XYY
c.;XX
d.;XY;-;ANS--✔✔a
A;30-year-
old;male;was;involved;in;a;motor;vehicle;accident.;The;glass;from;the;shattered;window;cu
,t;his;face;and;neck.;The;scar,;however,;was;raised;and;extended;beyond;the;original;boun
daries;of;the;wound.;This;pattern;of;scarring;is;caused;by;impaired:
a.;nutritional;status.
b.;contraction.
c.;epithelialization.
d.;collagen;synthesis.;-;ANS--✔✔d
When;planning;care;for;a;cardiac;patient,;the;nurse;knows;that;in;response;to;an;increased
;workload,;cardiac;myocardial;cells;will;experience;hypertrophy;which;is;an:
a.;increase;in;size.
b.;increase;in;excitability.
c.;decrease;in;number.
d.;decrease;in;length.;-;ANS--✔✔a
The;nurse;identified;each;of;the;following;clinical;manifestations;of;inflammation.;Which;w
ould;the;nurse;classify;as;a;local;response?;(select;all;that;apply)
a.;Swelling
b.;Fever
c.;Heat
d.;Redness
e.;Pain;-;ANS--✔✔a,c,d,e
Which;finding;would;support;the;diagnosis;of;respiratory;acidosis?
a.;Hyperventilation
b.;Pneumonia
c.;An;increase;in;noncarbonic;acids
d.;Vomiting;-;ANS--✔✔b
A;patient;wants;to;know;the;risk;factors;for;Down;syndrome.;What;is;the;nurse's;best;respo
nse?
a.;Increased;paternal;age.
b.;Fetal;exposure;to;mutagens;in;the;uterus.
c.;Family;history;of;Down;syndrome.
d.;Pregnancy;in;women;over;age;35.;-;ANS--✔✔d
For;a;patient;with;respiratory;acidosis,;chronic;compensation;by;the;body;will;include:
a.;protein;buffering.
b.;kidney;excretion;of;H+.
c.;kidney;excretion;of;HCO3.
d.;prolonged;exhalations;to;blow;off;CO2.;-;ANS--✔✔b
,Cystic;fibrosis;is;caused;by;what;gene;abnormality?
a.;X-linked;dominant
b.;Autosomal;dominant
c.;Autosomal;recessive
d.;X-linked;recessive;-;ANS--✔✔c
A;10-year-old;male;is;brought;to;the;emergency;room;
(ER);incoherent;and;semiconscious.;CT;scan;reveals;that;he;is;suffering;from;cerebral;ede
ma.;This;type;of;edema;is;referred;to;as:
a.;pitting;edema.
b.;lymphedema.
c.;generalized;edema.
d.;localized;edema.;-;ANS--✔✔d
During;which;process;are;bacteria;engulfed;for;ingestion?
a.;Exocytosis
b.;Endocytosis
c.;Pinocytosis
d.;Phagocytosis;-;ANS--✔✔d
A;nurse;is;reviewing;lab;reports.;The;nurse;recalls;blood;plasma;is;located;in;which;of;the;f
ollowing;fluid;compartments?
a.;Intracellular;fluid;(ICF)
b.;Intravascular;fluid
c.;Extracellular;fluid;(ECF)
d.;Interstitial;fluid;-;ANS--✔✔b
Which;patient;should;the;nurse;assess;for;both;hyperkalemia;and;metabolic;acidosis?;A;p
atient;diagnosed;with:
a.;pulmonary;disorders.
b.;Cushing;syndrome.
c.;renal;failure.
d.;diabetes;insipidus.;-;ANS--✔✔c
When;the;nurse;is;teaching;the;staff;about;X-
linked;recessive;disorders,;which;information;should;the;nurse;include?;
(select;all;that;apply)
a.;The;trait;is;seen;much;more;often;in;females;than;in;males.
, b.;The;trait;never;skips;generations.
c.;The;gene;can;be;transmitted;through;a;series;of;carrier;females.
d.;The;trait;is;never;transmitted;from;father;to;son.
e.;The;gene;is;passed;from;an;affected;father;to;all;his;daughters.;-;ANS--✔✔c,d,e
A;10-year-
old;male;is;stung;by;a;bee;while;playing;in;the;yard.;He;experiences;a;severe;allergic;reacti
on;and;has;to;go;to;the;ER.;The;nurse;providing;care;realizes;this;reaction;is;the;result;of:
a.;IgA.
b.;IgM.
c.;IgE.
d.;toxoids.;-;ANS--✔✔c
A;child;fell;off;a;swing;and;scraped;his;right;knee.;The;injured;area;becomes;painful.;What;
else;will;the;nurse;observe;upon;assessment?
a.;Vasoconstriction;at;injured;site
b.;Pale;skin;at;injured;site
c.;Decreased;RBC;concentration;at;injured;site
d.;Edema;at;injured;site;-;ANS--✔✔d
Which;of;the;following;buffer;pairs;is;considered;the;major;plasma;buffering;system?
a;.Sodium/potassium
b.;Amylase/albumin
c.;Carbonic;acid/bicarbonate
d.;Protein/fat;-;ANS--✔✔c
A;DNA;strand;has;a;region;with;the;sequence;ATCGGAT.;Which;of;the;following;would;be;
a;complementary;strand?
a.;UAGCCUAG
b.;TUGCCTUG
c.;TAGCCTAG
d.;CGATACGT;-;ANS--✔✔c
A;75-year-
old;male;presents;with;chest;pain;on;exertion.;The;chest;pain;is;most;likely;due;to;hypoxic;i
njury;secondary;to:
a.;free;radicals.
b.;chemical;toxicity.
c.;malnutrition.
d.;ischemia.;-;ANS--✔✔d
