NSG530 NSG 530 EXAM 1 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2026 STUDY
GUIDE COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Prophase.
Answer: first appearance of chromosomes (will be 92)
◉ Metaphase.
Answer: Centrioles pull chromosomes to opposite sides of cell
(chromatid) - 46 each side
◉ Anaphase.
Answer: Centromeres split and sister chromatids are pulled apart
◉ Telophase.
Answer: New nuclear membrane formed around each group of 46
chromosomes *When it goes right, euploid cells are produced*
◉ Nondisjunction.
Answer: Error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to
separate.
◉ Polyploidy.
, Answer: condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes
◉ Triploidy.
Answer: when an organism has three copies of every chromsome instead
of two
◉ Tetrapoloidy.
Answer: euploid has 92 chromosomes and fetus usually does not survive
◉ Huntington's disease.
Answer: Single gene disorder (trinucleotide repeat mutation)
Autosomal dominant (50% chance of passing it on)
Progressive neurologic disease with late onset (40s)
Prevention- genetic testing for pregnancy planning
◉ Cystic fibrosis.
Answer: Single gene disorder (CFTR gene mutation)
Autosomal recessive
Most common in white children
Defective transport of chloride ions cause salt imbalance- thickened
secretions, digestive issues, malnutrition. Males and females
Must inherit two copies of gene (1 from each parent)
◉ Turner syndrome.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2026 STUDY
GUIDE COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Prophase.
Answer: first appearance of chromosomes (will be 92)
◉ Metaphase.
Answer: Centrioles pull chromosomes to opposite sides of cell
(chromatid) - 46 each side
◉ Anaphase.
Answer: Centromeres split and sister chromatids are pulled apart
◉ Telophase.
Answer: New nuclear membrane formed around each group of 46
chromosomes *When it goes right, euploid cells are produced*
◉ Nondisjunction.
Answer: Error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to
separate.
◉ Polyploidy.
, Answer: condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes
◉ Triploidy.
Answer: when an organism has three copies of every chromsome instead
of two
◉ Tetrapoloidy.
Answer: euploid has 92 chromosomes and fetus usually does not survive
◉ Huntington's disease.
Answer: Single gene disorder (trinucleotide repeat mutation)
Autosomal dominant (50% chance of passing it on)
Progressive neurologic disease with late onset (40s)
Prevention- genetic testing for pregnancy planning
◉ Cystic fibrosis.
Answer: Single gene disorder (CFTR gene mutation)
Autosomal recessive
Most common in white children
Defective transport of chloride ions cause salt imbalance- thickened
secretions, digestive issues, malnutrition. Males and females
Must inherit two copies of gene (1 from each parent)
◉ Turner syndrome.
