BIOD 171 MODULE 5 ESSENTIAL
MICROBIOLOGY CERTIFICATION TEST
PAPER COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS FULL SOLUTION
GUIDE
●● What does universal precaution mean?
Answer: Any and all samples are treated as potentially hazardous
material
●● What is the most rare plague?
Answer: Septicemic
●● What are the 5 steps to infection?
Answer: Entry, attachment, invasion, evasion, and exit/transmission
●● Entry occurs by ...
Answer: Parenteral entry or mucus membranes
●● What is used by pathogens for attachment?
Answer: Adhesin factors
,●● What is the purpose of invasion?
Answer: It secures nutrients for growth and multiplication
●● Antigen masking
Answer: Microbe hides surface antigens with host molecules
●● Mimicry
Answer: Microbe copies host molecules to resemble host cells
●● Variation
Answer: Microbe changes surface molecules so it isn't recognized
●● Latency
Answer: May hide as a provirus
●● Intracellular lifestyle
Answer: Living inside the host
●● Suppressing immune function
Answer: Inhbiting immune factors, breaking down antibodies, and
blocking immune cell signaling
,●● Avoiding phagocytosis
Answer: Making a capsule, blocking phagosome-lysosome fusion,
neutralizing enzymes, releasing toxins, and living in phagolysosome
●● Direct contact transmission involves ...
Answer: Person to person, animal, environment, and vertical
●● Person to person transmission involves ...
Answer: Skin/mucous contact, sex, saliva, touch
●● Animal transmission involves ...
Answer: Scratch or bite
●● Zoonotic diseases
Answer: Diseases transmitted from animals to humans.
●● Vertical transmission involves ...
Answer: Mother to child in utero, via vaginal delivery, or breast milk
●● Indirect contact transmission involves ...
Answer: Airborne, vehicle, and biological/mechanical vector
, ●● Vehicle transmission
Answer: Pathogen is introduced to host via contact with contaminated
objects
●● Biological vector
Answer: Transmits pathogen and participates in the life cycle
●● Mechanical vector
Answer: Transmits pathogen and doesn't participate in life cycle of
pathogen
●● What are the portals of entry?
Answer: Skin, mucous membranes, placenta, and parenteral route
●● What constitutes mucous membranes?
Answer: Epithelial tissues that line body cavities that open to the outside
●● Examples of mucous membranes include ...
Answer: Conjunctiva of the eye, respiratory tract, GI tract, and
reproductive tract
●● Parenteral route involves what?
Answer: Puncture or break in the skin
MICROBIOLOGY CERTIFICATION TEST
PAPER COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS FULL SOLUTION
GUIDE
●● What does universal precaution mean?
Answer: Any and all samples are treated as potentially hazardous
material
●● What is the most rare plague?
Answer: Septicemic
●● What are the 5 steps to infection?
Answer: Entry, attachment, invasion, evasion, and exit/transmission
●● Entry occurs by ...
Answer: Parenteral entry or mucus membranes
●● What is used by pathogens for attachment?
Answer: Adhesin factors
,●● What is the purpose of invasion?
Answer: It secures nutrients for growth and multiplication
●● Antigen masking
Answer: Microbe hides surface antigens with host molecules
●● Mimicry
Answer: Microbe copies host molecules to resemble host cells
●● Variation
Answer: Microbe changes surface molecules so it isn't recognized
●● Latency
Answer: May hide as a provirus
●● Intracellular lifestyle
Answer: Living inside the host
●● Suppressing immune function
Answer: Inhbiting immune factors, breaking down antibodies, and
blocking immune cell signaling
,●● Avoiding phagocytosis
Answer: Making a capsule, blocking phagosome-lysosome fusion,
neutralizing enzymes, releasing toxins, and living in phagolysosome
●● Direct contact transmission involves ...
Answer: Person to person, animal, environment, and vertical
●● Person to person transmission involves ...
Answer: Skin/mucous contact, sex, saliva, touch
●● Animal transmission involves ...
Answer: Scratch or bite
●● Zoonotic diseases
Answer: Diseases transmitted from animals to humans.
●● Vertical transmission involves ...
Answer: Mother to child in utero, via vaginal delivery, or breast milk
●● Indirect contact transmission involves ...
Answer: Airborne, vehicle, and biological/mechanical vector
, ●● Vehicle transmission
Answer: Pathogen is introduced to host via contact with contaminated
objects
●● Biological vector
Answer: Transmits pathogen and participates in the life cycle
●● Mechanical vector
Answer: Transmits pathogen and doesn't participate in life cycle of
pathogen
●● What are the portals of entry?
Answer: Skin, mucous membranes, placenta, and parenteral route
●● What constitutes mucous membranes?
Answer: Epithelial tissues that line body cavities that open to the outside
●● Examples of mucous membranes include ...
Answer: Conjunctiva of the eye, respiratory tract, GI tract, and
reproductive tract
●● Parenteral route involves what?
Answer: Puncture or break in the skin
