MHA 707 EXAM D QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE
ANSWERS
correct answer Access to health care for members of the military and their
families, as well as veterans, had become a public sector initiative since 1811
Federal government continued to build a military health care system
Military system continued to grow and develop during the 20th century
correct answer Clinton's proposed Health Security Act had five primary features:
-Guaranteed private insurance for everyone
-Choice of physician and health plan
-Elimination of unfair insurance practices
-Preservation of Medicare
-Health benefits guaranteed through the work site [except for unemployed]
correct answer Deliberation about reform occurred in context of change:
-Some form of managed care was already the reality for an increasing number of
Americans—providers and patients alike.
-Many changes that concerned providers the most, including being forced into
some form of organized practice and seeing significant declines in their incomes,
were happening whether or not the Health Security Act or any of the other
proposals then on the table were to be enacted.
correct answer Factors in its defeat included:
,-Most medical, hospital, and insurance industry groups against it for reasons
ranging from an antagonism to "government regulation" to a concern with
potential [significant] limitations on profit-making
-Many concerned that the limitations imposed on care would lead to "rationing" -
care not approved by the HSA would be illegal to obtain
-Single-payer advocates felt it did not go far enough and left too many "big
health" players in place
-Business groups such as the U.S. Chamber of Commerce opposed it
-No comprehensive marketing strategy
correct answer For most businesses, large and small, participation would have
been mandatory
-Employers would have no say in plan choice by their employees
-Change from plan to plan would be individual's option
-Coverage would be portable from job to job and from job to no job
-All citizens would be required to have health insurance. Anyone who failed to
enroll would automatically be enrolled and charged 2x the normal premium
correct answer From the 1830s onward, various worker benefits in German
states
-Accident and workers' compensation
-Sickness insurance schemes, both compulsory and voluntary
correct answer Growth of vertical and horizontal integration of health care
Organizations
, Increasingly, individual hospitals needed to affiliate with other hospitals to form
systems if they were to remain financially viable
For example, in New York City in 2010, 43 general hospitals
Of these, only 17 were independent
Remaining 26 were members of just five hospital systems
correct answer Increase in for-profit health care organizations
In first half of 20th century, private sector health care organizations were
predominantly nonprofit
At mid-century, Blue Cross Blue Shield was the largest private health insurer, and
all of its affiliates were obligated to adhere to a voluntary, nonprofit status
Most, if not all, private hospitals were also voluntary, nonprofit organizations
correct answer Many managed care-induced changes affecting patients, such as
limiting their choices of plans and providers, were also already a reality.
Increased insurance/managed care company involvement was reality too.
[However, all of these changes were threatening but, a reality only on a small
scale]
correct answer Population had exploded from 76.2 million in 1900 to 180.7
million in 1960
More and more people had health insurance and could afford health care
Large portion of the uninsured were about to receive coverage through Medicare
or Medicaid
ANSWERS
correct answer Access to health care for members of the military and their
families, as well as veterans, had become a public sector initiative since 1811
Federal government continued to build a military health care system
Military system continued to grow and develop during the 20th century
correct answer Clinton's proposed Health Security Act had five primary features:
-Guaranteed private insurance for everyone
-Choice of physician and health plan
-Elimination of unfair insurance practices
-Preservation of Medicare
-Health benefits guaranteed through the work site [except for unemployed]
correct answer Deliberation about reform occurred in context of change:
-Some form of managed care was already the reality for an increasing number of
Americans—providers and patients alike.
-Many changes that concerned providers the most, including being forced into
some form of organized practice and seeing significant declines in their incomes,
were happening whether or not the Health Security Act or any of the other
proposals then on the table were to be enacted.
correct answer Factors in its defeat included:
,-Most medical, hospital, and insurance industry groups against it for reasons
ranging from an antagonism to "government regulation" to a concern with
potential [significant] limitations on profit-making
-Many concerned that the limitations imposed on care would lead to "rationing" -
care not approved by the HSA would be illegal to obtain
-Single-payer advocates felt it did not go far enough and left too many "big
health" players in place
-Business groups such as the U.S. Chamber of Commerce opposed it
-No comprehensive marketing strategy
correct answer For most businesses, large and small, participation would have
been mandatory
-Employers would have no say in plan choice by their employees
-Change from plan to plan would be individual's option
-Coverage would be portable from job to job and from job to no job
-All citizens would be required to have health insurance. Anyone who failed to
enroll would automatically be enrolled and charged 2x the normal premium
correct answer From the 1830s onward, various worker benefits in German
states
-Accident and workers' compensation
-Sickness insurance schemes, both compulsory and voluntary
correct answer Growth of vertical and horizontal integration of health care
Organizations
, Increasingly, individual hospitals needed to affiliate with other hospitals to form
systems if they were to remain financially viable
For example, in New York City in 2010, 43 general hospitals
Of these, only 17 were independent
Remaining 26 were members of just five hospital systems
correct answer Increase in for-profit health care organizations
In first half of 20th century, private sector health care organizations were
predominantly nonprofit
At mid-century, Blue Cross Blue Shield was the largest private health insurer, and
all of its affiliates were obligated to adhere to a voluntary, nonprofit status
Most, if not all, private hospitals were also voluntary, nonprofit organizations
correct answer Many managed care-induced changes affecting patients, such as
limiting their choices of plans and providers, were also already a reality.
Increased insurance/managed care company involvement was reality too.
[However, all of these changes were threatening but, a reality only on a small
scale]
correct answer Population had exploded from 76.2 million in 1900 to 180.7
million in 1960
More and more people had health insurance and could afford health care
Large portion of the uninsured were about to receive coverage through Medicare
or Medicaid
