BIO 182 EXAM 3 2026 GENETIC INHERITANCE
PRACTICE SET ANSWERS FULL SOLUTION
◉ Endoderm.
Answer: Inner layer
Lining for digestive tract and for associated organs (liver, pancreas)
◉ Cells continue to move from the frog embryo surface into the
embryo by ______..
Answer: Involution
◉ After the movement caused by involution, these cells become )
_____ and _______ while the surface cells will form _______..
Answer: Endoderm, Mesoderm; Ectoderm
◉ Human Eggs.
Answer: Very little yolk
Blastocyst
Inner cell mass
Trophoblast
Extraembryonic membranes
,◉ Blastocyst.
Answer: Human equivalent of blastula
◉ Inner cell mass.
Answer: cluster of cells at one end of blastocyst
◉ Trophoblast.
Answer: Outer epithelial layer of blastocyst, initiates implantation,
expands and forms extraembryonic membranes
◉ Extraembryonic Membranes.
Answer: Encloses specialized structures outside embryo.
Gastrulation involves inward movement from epiblast through a
primitive streak like a chick embryo.
◉ Four extraembryonic membranes of Land Vertebrates.
Answer: Chorion, allantois, amnion, yolk sac
◉ Reproduction OUTSIDE of aqueous environments required
development of:.
Answer: Shelled egg (birds, reptiles, monotremes)
Uterus (marsupial, eutherian mammals)
,◉ Amnion.
Answer: innermost layer of the fetal membrane
Shock absorber
Amniotic fluid
◉ Animals such as mammals, reptiles, and birds with amnion within
their zygotes are known as what?.
Answer: Amniotes
◉ Chorion.
Answer: Gas exchange
◉ Yolk sac.
Answer: encloses the yolk
Nutrients here
◉ Allantois.
Answer: Waste receptacle
Disposes waste products and contributes to gas exchange
◉ What occurs during organogenesis?.
, Answer: Cells change shape and migrate to a new location in the
body
◉ Organogenesis and Neurulation.
Answer: Begins from dorsal mesoderm form
Notochord, neural plate, neural fold, and induction here
◉ Notochord.
Answer: Part of Neurulation
Sends signals to cells above, changing the ectodermal cell shape
◉ Neural Fold and Neural Plate.
Answer: Two drawn to each other, comes together to form a tube
known as a neural tube. The second one aids in the making the tube
too.
◉ The neural tube becomes:.
Answer: the brain and spinal cord (nervous system)
◉ Not all cells from the neural plate and fold partake in making the
tube. These cells are neural crest cells. They form:.
Answer: nerves, parts of teeth, skull bones, jaw, etc.
PRACTICE SET ANSWERS FULL SOLUTION
◉ Endoderm.
Answer: Inner layer
Lining for digestive tract and for associated organs (liver, pancreas)
◉ Cells continue to move from the frog embryo surface into the
embryo by ______..
Answer: Involution
◉ After the movement caused by involution, these cells become )
_____ and _______ while the surface cells will form _______..
Answer: Endoderm, Mesoderm; Ectoderm
◉ Human Eggs.
Answer: Very little yolk
Blastocyst
Inner cell mass
Trophoblast
Extraembryonic membranes
,◉ Blastocyst.
Answer: Human equivalent of blastula
◉ Inner cell mass.
Answer: cluster of cells at one end of blastocyst
◉ Trophoblast.
Answer: Outer epithelial layer of blastocyst, initiates implantation,
expands and forms extraembryonic membranes
◉ Extraembryonic Membranes.
Answer: Encloses specialized structures outside embryo.
Gastrulation involves inward movement from epiblast through a
primitive streak like a chick embryo.
◉ Four extraembryonic membranes of Land Vertebrates.
Answer: Chorion, allantois, amnion, yolk sac
◉ Reproduction OUTSIDE of aqueous environments required
development of:.
Answer: Shelled egg (birds, reptiles, monotremes)
Uterus (marsupial, eutherian mammals)
,◉ Amnion.
Answer: innermost layer of the fetal membrane
Shock absorber
Amniotic fluid
◉ Animals such as mammals, reptiles, and birds with amnion within
their zygotes are known as what?.
Answer: Amniotes
◉ Chorion.
Answer: Gas exchange
◉ Yolk sac.
Answer: encloses the yolk
Nutrients here
◉ Allantois.
Answer: Waste receptacle
Disposes waste products and contributes to gas exchange
◉ What occurs during organogenesis?.
, Answer: Cells change shape and migrate to a new location in the
body
◉ Organogenesis and Neurulation.
Answer: Begins from dorsal mesoderm form
Notochord, neural plate, neural fold, and induction here
◉ Notochord.
Answer: Part of Neurulation
Sends signals to cells above, changing the ectodermal cell shape
◉ Neural Fold and Neural Plate.
Answer: Two drawn to each other, comes together to form a tube
known as a neural tube. The second one aids in the making the tube
too.
◉ The neural tube becomes:.
Answer: the brain and spinal cord (nervous system)
◉ Not all cells from the neural plate and fold partake in making the
tube. These cells are neural crest cells. They form:.
Answer: nerves, parts of teeth, skull bones, jaw, etc.
