Oncology Nursing Principles 100
Question Practice Exam With Correct
Verified And Well Analyzed Answers
Graded A+ | 2026 Latest Update!!!
1. Which term refers to the abnormal and uncontrolled growth of
cells?
A. Metabolism
B. Necrosis
C. Neoplasia
D. Homeostasis
Answer: C. Neoplasia
Rationale: Neoplasia refers to the process of abnormal and
uncontrolled cell growth that may result in benign or malignant
tumors. Benign tumors remain localized, while malignant tumors
invade surrounding tissues and may metastasize. Metabolism relates to
body chemical reactions, necrosis refers to tissue death, and
homeostasis involves maintaining internal balance.
2. Which characteristic is commonly associated with malignant
tumors?
A. Slow growth and encapsulation
B. Localized tissue involvement only
C. Ability to metastasize
D. Absence of cellular mutation
Answer: C. Ability to metastasize
,Rationale: Malignant tumors are characterized by invasive growth and
the ability to spread to distant organs through metastasis. Benign
tumors are usually encapsulated and localized. Cellular mutation is a
major feature of malignancy.
3. A nurse is caring for a client receiving chemotherapy. Which
side effect should the nurse expect due to bone marrow
suppression?
A. Polycythemia
B. Leukocytosis
C. Thrombocytopenia
D. Hypertension
Answer: C. Thrombocytopenia
Rationale: Chemotherapy often suppresses bone marrow function,
leading to decreased platelet production, known as thrombocytopenia.
This increases the risk for bleeding. Leukocytosis and polycythemia
are not expected effects of bone marrow suppression.
4. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate for a client
with neutropenia?
A. Encourage fresh flowers in the room
B. Restrict hand hygiene practices
C. Monitor for signs of infection
D. Provide raw fruits and vegetables
Answer: C. Monitor for signs of infection
Rationale: Neutropenia places the client at high risk for infection
because of reduced white blood cell counts. Nurses should closely
monitor temperature and other infection indicators. Fresh flowers and
raw foods may harbor microorganisms and should generally be
avoided.
, 5. Which diagnostic test confirms the presence of cancer cells?
A. Ultrasound
B. Biopsy
C. X-ray
D. CT scan
Answer: B. Biopsy
Rationale: A biopsy involves removing tissue for microscopic
examination and is the definitive diagnostic procedure for identifying
cancer cells. Imaging tests help locate abnormalities but cannot
definitively confirm malignancy.
6. A client receiving radiation therapy reports fatigue. What is
the nurse’s best response?
A. “Fatigue is uncommon during radiation therapy.”
B. “Increase your daily exercise significantly.”
C. “Balance rest periods with activity throughout the day.”
D. “Stop all physical activity until treatment ends.”
Answer: C. “Balance rest periods with activity throughout the day.”
Rationale: Fatigue is a common side effect of radiation therapy.
Energy conservation, balanced rest, and mild activity are effective
management strategies. Complete inactivity may worsen weakness and
deconditioning.
7. Which oncologic emergency is characterized by rapid
destruction of tumor cells leading to electrolyte imbalances?
A. Disseminated intravascular coagulation
B. Tumor lysis syndrome
C. Superior vena cava syndrome
D. Spinal cord compression
, Answer: B. Tumor lysis syndrome
Rationale: Tumor lysis syndrome occurs when large numbers of tumor
cells break down rapidly, releasing intracellular contents into the
bloodstream. This can cause hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia,
hypocalcemia, and kidney injury.
8. Which laboratory value is most important to monitor in a
client receiving nephrotoxic chemotherapy?
A. Serum creatinine
B. Hemoglobin
C. Platelet count
D. Bilirubin level
Answer: A. Serum creatinine
Rationale: Serum creatinine is an important indicator of kidney
function. Nephrotoxic chemotherapy agents can impair renal
function, making close monitoring essential.
9. Which factor places an individual at increased risk for
developing cancer?
A. Regular physical activity
B. Tobacco use
C. Balanced nutrition
D. Adequate sleep
Answer: B. Tobacco use
Rationale: Tobacco use is one of the leading preventable causes of
cancer. It is strongly associated with lung, oral, bladder, and several
other cancers. Healthy lifestyle habits reduce cancer risk.
Question Practice Exam With Correct
Verified And Well Analyzed Answers
Graded A+ | 2026 Latest Update!!!
1. Which term refers to the abnormal and uncontrolled growth of
cells?
A. Metabolism
B. Necrosis
C. Neoplasia
D. Homeostasis
Answer: C. Neoplasia
Rationale: Neoplasia refers to the process of abnormal and
uncontrolled cell growth that may result in benign or malignant
tumors. Benign tumors remain localized, while malignant tumors
invade surrounding tissues and may metastasize. Metabolism relates to
body chemical reactions, necrosis refers to tissue death, and
homeostasis involves maintaining internal balance.
2. Which characteristic is commonly associated with malignant
tumors?
A. Slow growth and encapsulation
B. Localized tissue involvement only
C. Ability to metastasize
D. Absence of cellular mutation
Answer: C. Ability to metastasize
,Rationale: Malignant tumors are characterized by invasive growth and
the ability to spread to distant organs through metastasis. Benign
tumors are usually encapsulated and localized. Cellular mutation is a
major feature of malignancy.
3. A nurse is caring for a client receiving chemotherapy. Which
side effect should the nurse expect due to bone marrow
suppression?
A. Polycythemia
B. Leukocytosis
C. Thrombocytopenia
D. Hypertension
Answer: C. Thrombocytopenia
Rationale: Chemotherapy often suppresses bone marrow function,
leading to decreased platelet production, known as thrombocytopenia.
This increases the risk for bleeding. Leukocytosis and polycythemia
are not expected effects of bone marrow suppression.
4. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate for a client
with neutropenia?
A. Encourage fresh flowers in the room
B. Restrict hand hygiene practices
C. Monitor for signs of infection
D. Provide raw fruits and vegetables
Answer: C. Monitor for signs of infection
Rationale: Neutropenia places the client at high risk for infection
because of reduced white blood cell counts. Nurses should closely
monitor temperature and other infection indicators. Fresh flowers and
raw foods may harbor microorganisms and should generally be
avoided.
, 5. Which diagnostic test confirms the presence of cancer cells?
A. Ultrasound
B. Biopsy
C. X-ray
D. CT scan
Answer: B. Biopsy
Rationale: A biopsy involves removing tissue for microscopic
examination and is the definitive diagnostic procedure for identifying
cancer cells. Imaging tests help locate abnormalities but cannot
definitively confirm malignancy.
6. A client receiving radiation therapy reports fatigue. What is
the nurse’s best response?
A. “Fatigue is uncommon during radiation therapy.”
B. “Increase your daily exercise significantly.”
C. “Balance rest periods with activity throughout the day.”
D. “Stop all physical activity until treatment ends.”
Answer: C. “Balance rest periods with activity throughout the day.”
Rationale: Fatigue is a common side effect of radiation therapy.
Energy conservation, balanced rest, and mild activity are effective
management strategies. Complete inactivity may worsen weakness and
deconditioning.
7. Which oncologic emergency is characterized by rapid
destruction of tumor cells leading to electrolyte imbalances?
A. Disseminated intravascular coagulation
B. Tumor lysis syndrome
C. Superior vena cava syndrome
D. Spinal cord compression
, Answer: B. Tumor lysis syndrome
Rationale: Tumor lysis syndrome occurs when large numbers of tumor
cells break down rapidly, releasing intracellular contents into the
bloodstream. This can cause hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia,
hypocalcemia, and kidney injury.
8. Which laboratory value is most important to monitor in a
client receiving nephrotoxic chemotherapy?
A. Serum creatinine
B. Hemoglobin
C. Platelet count
D. Bilirubin level
Answer: A. Serum creatinine
Rationale: Serum creatinine is an important indicator of kidney
function. Nephrotoxic chemotherapy agents can impair renal
function, making close monitoring essential.
9. Which factor places an individual at increased risk for
developing cancer?
A. Regular physical activity
B. Tobacco use
C. Balanced nutrition
D. Adequate sleep
Answer: B. Tobacco use
Rationale: Tobacco use is one of the leading preventable causes of
cancer. It is strongly associated with lung, oral, bladder, and several
other cancers. Healthy lifestyle habits reduce cancer risk.
