HESI PN adult medical surgical EXAM A+ GRADE ASSURED COMPLETE SOLUTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS

HESI EXAM ms




Exam Solution ms




HESI Medical Surgical Cartes 2026 A+ GRADE ASSURED
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COMPLETE SOLUTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS (61F
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98)




QUESTION 1 ms




Which clinical manifestation further supports an assessment of a left-
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sided brain attack? ms ms



A) Visual field deficit on the left side.
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B) Spatial-perceptual deficits.
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C) Paresthesia of the left side.
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D) Global aphasia.
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ANSWER

D) Global aphasia. Rationale: Global aphasia refers to difficulty speaking, listening, and understanding
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, as well as difficulty reading and writing. Symptoms vary from person to person. Aphasia may occur
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secondary to any brain injury involving the left hemisphere. Visual field deficits, spatial-
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perceptual deficits, and paresthsia of the left side usually occur with right-sided brain attack.
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QUESTION 2 ms




A neurologist prescribes a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head STAT for a
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patient. Which data warrants immediate intervention by the nurse concerning this dia
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gnostic test? ms



A) Elevated blood pressure.
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B) Allergy to shell fish.
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C) Right hip replacement.
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D) History of atrial fibrillation.
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ANSWER

C) Right hip replacement. The magnetic field generated by the MRI is so strong that metal-
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containing items are strongly attracted to the magnet. Because the hip joint is made of metal, a lead
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shield must be used during the procedure. Elevated blood pressure, an allergy to shell fish, and a hi
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story of atrial fibrillation would not affect the MRI.
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,QUESTION 3 ms




What is the normal range for cardiac output?
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ANSWER

The normal range for cardiac output to ensure cerebral blood flow and oxygen delivery is 4 to 8 L/
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min.



QUESTION 4 ms




A client was admitted with the diagnosis of a brain attack. Their symptoms began 24
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hours before being admitted. Why would this client not be a candidate for for thromb
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olytic therapy? ms




ANSWER

Thrombolytic therapy is contraindicated in clients with symptom onset longer than 3 hours prior to
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admission. This client had symptoms for 24 hours before being brought to the medical center
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QUESTION 5 ms




What are plate guards?
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ANSWER

Plate guards prevent food from being pushed off the plate. Using plate guards and other assistive de
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vices will encourage independence in a client with a self-care deficit.
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QUESTION 6 ms




Which condition is considered a non-modifiable risk factor for a brain attack?
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A) High cholesterol levels.
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B) Obesity.
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C) History of atrial fibrillation.
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D) Advanced age.
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ANSWER

D) Advanced age. Rationale: People over age 55 are a high-
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risk group for a brain attack because the incidence of stroke more than doubles in each successive
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decade of life. Non- ms ms ms



modifiable means the client cannot do anything to change the risk factor. All the other options are
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modifiable risk factors. ms ms




QUESTION 7 ms




The nurse is caring for a client with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
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(SIADH), which is manifested by which symptoms?
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,A) Loss of thirst, weight gain.
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B) Dependent edema, fever.
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C) Polydipsia, polyuria.
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D) Hypernatremia, tachypnea.
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ANSWER

A) Loss of thirst, weight gain. Rationale: SIADH occurs when the posterior pituitary gland releases to
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o much ADH, causing water retention, a urine output of less than 20 ml/hour, and dilutional hypona
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tremia. Other indications of SIADH are loss of thirst, weight gain (A), irritability, muscle weakness, a
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nd decreased level of consciousness. (
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B) is not associated with SIADH. (
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C) is a finding associated with diabetes insipidus (a water metabolism problem caused by an ADH d
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eficiency), not SIADH. The increase in plasma volume causes an increase in the glomerular filtration
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rate that inhibits the release of rennin and aldosterone, which results in an increased sodium loss in
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urine, leading to greater hyponatremia, not (D).
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QUESTION 8 ms




The nurse is caring for a client who has taken a large quantity of furosemide (Lasix) t
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o promote weight loss. The nurse anticipates the finding of which acid-
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base imbalance? ms



A) PO2 of 78 mm Hg
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B) HCO3 of 34 mEq/L
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C) PCO2 of 56 mm Hg
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D) pH of 7.31
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ANSWER

B) HCO3 of 34 mEq/L Rationale: Diuretics (non-potassium sparing) cause metabolic alkalosis.
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A) PO2 of 78 mm Hg: This Po2 demonstrates mild hypoxemia, consistent with respiratory disorders,
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not with diuretic use.
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C) PCO2 of 56 mm Hg: CO2 retention results from hypoventilation, which is not consistent with diur
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etic use. ms



D) pH of 7.31: This pH is acidotic; diuretics promote metabolic alkalosis.
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QUESTION 9 ms




Which reaction should the nurse identify in a client who is responding to stimulation
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of the sympathetic nervous system?
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A) Pupil constriction.
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B) Increased heart rate.
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C) Bronchial constriction.
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D) Decreased blood pressure.
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ANSWER

B) Increased heart rate. Rationale: Any stressor that is perceived as threatening to homeostasis acts
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to stimulate the sympathetic nervous system and manifests as a flight-or-
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, fight response, which includes an increase in heart rate (B). (A, C, and
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D) are responses of the parasympathetic nervous system.
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QUESTION 10 ms




To decrease the risk of acid-
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base imbalance, what goal must the client with diabetes mellitus strive for?
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A) Checking blood glucose levels once daily
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B) Drinking 3 L of fluid per day
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C) Eating regularly, every 4 to 8 hours
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D) Maintaining blood glucose level within normal limits
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ANSWER

D) Maintaining blood glucose level within normal limits Rationale: Maintaining blood glucose levels
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within normal limits is the best way to decrease the risk of acid-base imbalance.
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A) Blood glucose levels must be checked several times a day.
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B) Drinking 3 L of fluid per day is not necessary to maintain acid-base balance.
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C) Eating regularly is a way to achieve acid-base balance but is not the goal itself.
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QUESTION 11 ms




The nurse is caring for a client with an oxygen saturation of 88% and accessory muscl
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e use. The nurse provides oxygen and anticipates which of these physician orders?
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A) Administration of IV sodium bicarbonate
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B) Computed tomography (CT) of the chest, stat
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C) Intubation and mechanical ventilation
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D) Administration of concentrated potassium chloride solution
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ANSWER

C) Intubation and mechanical ventilation Rationale: Support with mechanical ventilation may be nee
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ded for clients who cannot keep their oxygen saturation at 90% or who have respiratory muscle fati
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gue.
A) Sodium bicarbonate is used to treat metabolic acidosis; this client displays hypoxemia.
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B) Although the underlying reason for this client's hypoxemia may eventually require a diagnostic st
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udy, the priority is to restore oxygenation.
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D) No indication suggests that this client has hypokalemia. Signs of hypoxemia and work of breathin
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g are present, requiring correction with intubation and mechanical ventilation.
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QUESTION 12 ms




The nurse is caring for a group of clients with acidosis. The nurse recognizes that Kus
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smaul respirations are consistent with which situation?
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A) Client receiving mechanical ventilation
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B) Use of hydrochlorothiazide
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C) Aspirin overdose
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D) Administration of sodium bicarbonate
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