Portage Learning MICRO 100 microbiology EXAM A+ GRADE ASSURED COMPLETE SOLUTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS

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Exam Solution
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Microbiology Chapters 1 6: Test #1 2026 A+ GRADE ASS vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc vc




URED COMPLETE SOLUTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
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(0C51A)




QUESTION 1 vc




Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek
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ANSWER

-Began making and looking through simple microscopes -
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Often made a new microscope for each specimen -
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Examined water and visualized tiny animals, fungi, algae, and single celled protozoa; "animalcules" -
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By end of 19th Century, these organisms were called microorganisms
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QUESTION 2 vc




Fungi
ANSWER

-Eukaryotic (have membrane bound nucleus) -Obtain food from other organisms -Posses cell walls -
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Composed of: molds and yeastsvc vc vc vc




QUESTION 3 vc




Molds
ANSWER

-multicellular -have hyphae -reproduce by sexual and asexual spores
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QUESTION 4 vc




Yeasts
ANSWER

,-unicellular -reproduce sexually by budding -some produce sexual spores
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QUESTION 5 vc




Protozoa
ANSWER

-Single-celled eukaryotes -similar to animals in their nutritional needs and cellular structure -
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typically live freely in water, some live inside animals hosts -
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most reproduce asexually, some produce sexually -
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most are capable of locomotion by: pseudopodia, cilia, flagella
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QUESTION 6 vc




pseudopodia
ANSWER

cell extensions that flow in direction of travel
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QUESTION 7 vc




cilia
ANSWER

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numerous, short, hairlike protrusions that propel organisms through environment In Eukaryotes: shorte
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r and more numerous than flagella, composed of tubulin arrangements, may be single or multiple, gener
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ally found at one pole of cell, undulate
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QUESTION 8 vc




flagella
ANSWER

-extensions of a cell that are fewer, longer, and more whiplike than cilia -extend beyond cell surface -
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Not all prokaryotes have them -responsible for movement,
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QUESTION 9 vc




algae
ANSWER

-unicellular or multicellular -photosynthetic -simple reproductive structures -
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categorized on the basis of pigmentation, storage products, and composition of cell wall
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,QUESTION 10 vc




Prokaryotes
ANSWER

-unicellular and lack nuclei -much smaller than eukaryotes -lack organelles -small, simple structure -
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Found everywhere there is sufficient moisture; some found in extreme environments -
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reproduce asexually -two kinds: bacteria and archea) -helminths, viruses
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QUESTION 11 vc




Bacteria
ANSWER

-cell walls contain peptidoglycan -some lack cell walls -
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most do not cause disease and some are beneficial
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QUESTION 12 vc




Archaea
ANSWER

cell walls composed of polymers other than peptidoglycan
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QUESTION 13 vc




Microbes in your life vc vc vc




ANSWER

-disease -normal flora -food (production, spoilage) -
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environmental roles(basis of marine and freshwater food chains, recycling of chemical elements in the b
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iosphere) -industrial uses (production of antimicrobials, enzymes, dyes, organic acids) -
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genetic engineering vc




QUESTION 14 vc




Normal Flora vc




ANSWER

Normal inhabitants of ourselves and our surroundings. Often unnoted, often helpful
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QUESTION 15 vc

, Pasteur
ANSWER

-developed germ theory of disease -
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discovered that alcoholic fermentation was a biologically mediated process -
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Disproved theory of spontaneous generation -Developed vaccines for anthrax, fowl cholera, and rabies -
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Experimented with pasteurization vc vc




QUESTION 16 vc




Robert Koch vc




ANSWER

-studied causative agents of disease of anthrax and tuberculosis -examined colonies of microorganisms -
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demonstrated link between microbes and infectious diseases -
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developed techniques for obtaining pure cultures of microbes -
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Awarded nobel prize for physiology and medicine -Koch's postulates
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QUESTION 17 vc




Koch's Postulates
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ANSWER

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Suspected causative agent must be found in every case of the disease and be absent from healthy hosts -
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Agent must be isolated and grown outside the host -
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When agent is introduced into a healthy host, the host must get the disease -
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same agent must be preisolated from diseased experimental host
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QUESTION 18 vc




3 domains
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ANSWER

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
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QUESTION 19 vc




Hierarchy of taxonomic units vc vc vc




ANSWER

Domain-kingdom-phylum-class-order-family-genus-species