NURS 5334 EXAM 3 | COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 LATEST
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Drugs for Gestational Diabetes - (Answer)Metformin and Insulin
A1C Value for Diabetes Mellitus - (Answer)6.5% or greater is diabetes, 5.7-6.4% pre-diabetes
Fasting and Random Values for DM - (Answer)Fasting plasma glucose—126 or greater is diabetes.
Random plasma glucose—anything greater than 200 is diabetes
Complications of Insulin Therapy - (Answer)Hypoglycemia, Lipohypertrophy, Allergic reactions,
Desensitization procedure, Hypokalemia
Insulin Drug Interactions - (Answer)Hypoglycemic agents intensify hypoglycemia, Use with caution
with hyperglycemic agents
Beta Blockers' Effect on Insulin - (Answer)Delay awareness of hypoglycemia, Impair
glycogenolysis, Prevent counter-regulatory response
,Other Therapeutic Uses - (Answer)Hyperkalemia, Diagnosis of GH deficiency, Diabetic ketoacidosis
Coordinating Insulin Dosage - (Answer)Carbohydrate intake
Blood Pressure Goal in Diabetes - (Answer)Controlled within normal 120/80
Medication for Diabetic Nephropathy Risk - (Answer)ACE inhibitor or ARB
Role of Exercise in DM Treatment - (Answer)Exercise increases cellular responsiveness to insulin
and glucose tolerance. 150 minutes per week of moderate intensity exercise is recommended.
4-Step Approach Steps - (Answer)Step 1: Diagnosis and lifestyle changes plus metformin. Step 2:
Lifestyle changes, metformin, and a second drug. Step 3: Three drug combination. Step 4: Complex
insulin regimen if needed.
Insulin Therapy Blood Glucose Goals - (Answer)Before meals: 70-130. Bedtime: 100-140.
,A1C Goal and Exceptions - (Answer)A1C goal is 7% or below. Exceptions: Severe hypoglycemia
risk, limited life expectancy, advanced complications.
Types of Insulins - (Answer)Short acting: Rapid acting insulins. Intermediate: NPH insulin, insulin
detemir. Long acting: Insulin glargine.
Use of Short Duration Insulins - (Answer)Administered with meals to control post-prandial blood
glucose rise.
Need for Intermediate Insulins - (Answer)Administered 2-3 times daily for glycemic control between
meals and at night.
Duration of Insulins - (Answer)Glargine: Up to 24 hours. Levemir: 12-24 hours. Degludec: Up to 42
hours.
Routes of Insulin Administration - (Answer)Subcutaneous injection and IV infusion. Inhalation:
Afrezza for mealtime insulin.
, Insulin Dosing for Type 1 and Type 2 - (Answer)Type 1: Initial doses 0.5-0.6 units/kg/day. Type 2:
Initial doses 0.2-0.6 units/kg/day, adjusted based on carb intake and activity.
3 Dosing Schedules - (Answer)o Twice daily dosing
o Intensive basal/bolus strategy
o Continued subcutaneous insulin
Metformin Mechanism of Action - (Answer)o Inhibits glucose production in the liver
o Reduces glucose absorption in the gut
o Sensitizes insulin receptors in target tissues (fat and skeletal muscle) to increase glucose uptake
and response to insulin
Metformin Side Effects and BB Warning - (Answer)o GI effects—diarrhea
o Lactic acidosis
Alcohol Effect - (Answer)Inhibits the breakdown of lactic acid
Therapeutic Uses Other Than DM - (Answer)o Gestational diabetes
UPDATED| 100% RATED CORRECT | GET A+!!
Drugs for Gestational Diabetes - (Answer)Metformin and Insulin
A1C Value for Diabetes Mellitus - (Answer)6.5% or greater is diabetes, 5.7-6.4% pre-diabetes
Fasting and Random Values for DM - (Answer)Fasting plasma glucose—126 or greater is diabetes.
Random plasma glucose—anything greater than 200 is diabetes
Complications of Insulin Therapy - (Answer)Hypoglycemia, Lipohypertrophy, Allergic reactions,
Desensitization procedure, Hypokalemia
Insulin Drug Interactions - (Answer)Hypoglycemic agents intensify hypoglycemia, Use with caution
with hyperglycemic agents
Beta Blockers' Effect on Insulin - (Answer)Delay awareness of hypoglycemia, Impair
glycogenolysis, Prevent counter-regulatory response
,Other Therapeutic Uses - (Answer)Hyperkalemia, Diagnosis of GH deficiency, Diabetic ketoacidosis
Coordinating Insulin Dosage - (Answer)Carbohydrate intake
Blood Pressure Goal in Diabetes - (Answer)Controlled within normal 120/80
Medication for Diabetic Nephropathy Risk - (Answer)ACE inhibitor or ARB
Role of Exercise in DM Treatment - (Answer)Exercise increases cellular responsiveness to insulin
and glucose tolerance. 150 minutes per week of moderate intensity exercise is recommended.
4-Step Approach Steps - (Answer)Step 1: Diagnosis and lifestyle changes plus metformin. Step 2:
Lifestyle changes, metformin, and a second drug. Step 3: Three drug combination. Step 4: Complex
insulin regimen if needed.
Insulin Therapy Blood Glucose Goals - (Answer)Before meals: 70-130. Bedtime: 100-140.
,A1C Goal and Exceptions - (Answer)A1C goal is 7% or below. Exceptions: Severe hypoglycemia
risk, limited life expectancy, advanced complications.
Types of Insulins - (Answer)Short acting: Rapid acting insulins. Intermediate: NPH insulin, insulin
detemir. Long acting: Insulin glargine.
Use of Short Duration Insulins - (Answer)Administered with meals to control post-prandial blood
glucose rise.
Need for Intermediate Insulins - (Answer)Administered 2-3 times daily for glycemic control between
meals and at night.
Duration of Insulins - (Answer)Glargine: Up to 24 hours. Levemir: 12-24 hours. Degludec: Up to 42
hours.
Routes of Insulin Administration - (Answer)Subcutaneous injection and IV infusion. Inhalation:
Afrezza for mealtime insulin.
, Insulin Dosing for Type 1 and Type 2 - (Answer)Type 1: Initial doses 0.5-0.6 units/kg/day. Type 2:
Initial doses 0.2-0.6 units/kg/day, adjusted based on carb intake and activity.
3 Dosing Schedules - (Answer)o Twice daily dosing
o Intensive basal/bolus strategy
o Continued subcutaneous insulin
Metformin Mechanism of Action - (Answer)o Inhibits glucose production in the liver
o Reduces glucose absorption in the gut
o Sensitizes insulin receptors in target tissues (fat and skeletal muscle) to increase glucose uptake
and response to insulin
Metformin Side Effects and BB Warning - (Answer)o GI effects—diarrhea
o Lactic acidosis
Alcohol Effect - (Answer)Inhibits the breakdown of lactic acid
Therapeutic Uses Other Than DM - (Answer)o Gestational diabetes
