BIOD 121 MODULE 2 ACTUAL TEST PAPER 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◉ nutrient absorption occurs across the wall of the Answer:
gastrointestinal (GI) tract
◉ mucosa (intestinal wall) Answer: is the inner-most layer, and it is
made of absorption cells and glands
◉ circular and longitudinal muscles Answer: comprise the outer
layers, both of which function to mix and move food along the GI
tract
◉ Circular bands of muscle Answer: most often found where one
part of the tract connects to another, serving as valves to control the
flow of the food particles
◉ 3 processes the body can use to move nutrients from the GI tract
into the blood/lymph system and eventually into the cells: Answer:
Passive diffusion, Facilitated diffusion, and Active transport
,◉ Passive diffusion Answer: substances move easily in and out of
cells without the use of energy. Nutrients move from high to low
concentration.
◉ Facilitated Diffusion Answer: no energy is required, but a special
protein carrier is required to help substances cross in or out of the
cell. Nutrients move from high to low concentration.
◉ 2 processes that move from high to low concentrations and
require no energy Answer: passive and facilitated diffusion
◉ Active transport Answer: energy is required to move substances
in or out of the cell. Nurtients move from low to high concentrations
◉ Moves nutrients against the natural gradient: Answer: active
transport
◉ Does not require a special protein carrier/transport molecules:
Answer: passive transport
◉ GI tract can be divided into six main parts: Answer: 1) mouth
2) esophagus
3) stomach
4) small intestine
, 5) large intestine
6) rectum
◉ 4 main organs produce and secrete substances that aid in
digestion, but they are NOT part of the GI tract: Answer: 1) salivary
glands
2) liver
3) gallbladder
4) pancreas
◉ Beginning of the GI tract: Answer: mouth
◉ Function of the mouth: Answer: to alter food particles to prepare
them to be swallowed
◉ Mechanical digestion: Answer: occurs as the teeth break the food
into smaller particles. This stimulates the salivary glands to secrete
saliva.
◉ Saliva Answer: a watery fluid containing a lubricant (mucus) and
enzymes to prepare food for the next step in the GI tract.
◉ Mucus: Answer: mixes with food, lubricating the particles and
making it easier to swallow
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◉ nutrient absorption occurs across the wall of the Answer:
gastrointestinal (GI) tract
◉ mucosa (intestinal wall) Answer: is the inner-most layer, and it is
made of absorption cells and glands
◉ circular and longitudinal muscles Answer: comprise the outer
layers, both of which function to mix and move food along the GI
tract
◉ Circular bands of muscle Answer: most often found where one
part of the tract connects to another, serving as valves to control the
flow of the food particles
◉ 3 processes the body can use to move nutrients from the GI tract
into the blood/lymph system and eventually into the cells: Answer:
Passive diffusion, Facilitated diffusion, and Active transport
,◉ Passive diffusion Answer: substances move easily in and out of
cells without the use of energy. Nutrients move from high to low
concentration.
◉ Facilitated Diffusion Answer: no energy is required, but a special
protein carrier is required to help substances cross in or out of the
cell. Nutrients move from high to low concentration.
◉ 2 processes that move from high to low concentrations and
require no energy Answer: passive and facilitated diffusion
◉ Active transport Answer: energy is required to move substances
in or out of the cell. Nurtients move from low to high concentrations
◉ Moves nutrients against the natural gradient: Answer: active
transport
◉ Does not require a special protein carrier/transport molecules:
Answer: passive transport
◉ GI tract can be divided into six main parts: Answer: 1) mouth
2) esophagus
3) stomach
4) small intestine
, 5) large intestine
6) rectum
◉ 4 main organs produce and secrete substances that aid in
digestion, but they are NOT part of the GI tract: Answer: 1) salivary
glands
2) liver
3) gallbladder
4) pancreas
◉ Beginning of the GI tract: Answer: mouth
◉ Function of the mouth: Answer: to alter food particles to prepare
them to be swallowed
◉ Mechanical digestion: Answer: occurs as the teeth break the food
into smaller particles. This stimulates the salivary glands to secrete
saliva.
◉ Saliva Answer: a watery fluid containing a lubricant (mucus) and
enzymes to prepare food for the next step in the GI tract.
◉ Mucus: Answer: mixes with food, lubricating the particles and
making it easier to swallow
