BIO SCI E109: Final Review Questions With Complete
Solutions
(renal plasma) clearance Correct Answers volume of blood that
is cleared of a substance per unit of time
diff substances have diff clearances
higher clearance:
- less reabsorption
- more secretion
clearance (ml plasma/min) = excretion rate (mg/min) / [x] in
plasma (mg/ml plasma)
% of O2 saturation of hemoglobin Correct Answers % of O2
saturation of hemoglobin increase when:
- PO2 increases (movement from resting cell to alveoli)
- increase in pH
- PCO2 decreases
3 main peptides that control food intake Correct Answers
Increase appetite
- neuropeptide Y (NPY) in hypothalamus
- ghrelin in stomach
Decreases appetite
- Leptin in adipose tissue
3 most important cells of the gastric glands Correct Answers
Parietal cell: secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl)
,Chief cell: secrete gastric lipase
G cell: secretes gastrin (hormone)
4 processes of the nephron Correct Answers 1. Filtration (occur
in Bowman's capsule) (blood to lumen)
2. Reabsorption (lumen to blood)
3. Secretion (blood to lumen)
4. Excretion (lumen to outside of body) (occur at end of
collecting duct)
5α-reductase deficiency in males Correct Answers cause DHT
deficiency (can appear female at birth)
DHT cause development of male external genitalia
6 processes of digestion Correct Answers 1. ingestion
2. secretion
3. mixing and propulsion (motility)
4. digestion (chemical/mechanical)
5. absorption
6. defecation
accessory organs of the GI tract Correct Answers salivary
glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
anabolism and catabolism Correct Answers 2 types of
metabolism
anabolism involves synthesis
, catabolism involves breaking down molecules
Arterial O2 and CO2 levels during exercise Correct Answers
Arterial PgasO2 (IN): independent of O2 consumption and
exercise (stays constant)
Venous PgasO2 (OUT): decreases slightly as O2 consumption
and exercise increases
Arterial PgasCO2 (IN): mostly constant with a small dip when
there is intense O2 consumption and exercise (due to sharp
ventilation increase)
Bolye's Law Correct Answers P1V1 = P2V2
Bolye's Law: How do lungs fill with air? Correct Answers
Diaphragram contracts -> thoracic V increases -> P decrease
(lungs fill with air)
Diaphragram relaxes, -> thoracic V decreases -> P increase
(lungs push air out)
cardiovascular response to exercise Correct Answers cardiac
output increase: 4x
BUT
blood to skeletal muscles increase: 20x
HOW? proportion shift
- vasodilation in skeletal muscles
- vasoconstriction elsewhere
Solutions
(renal plasma) clearance Correct Answers volume of blood that
is cleared of a substance per unit of time
diff substances have diff clearances
higher clearance:
- less reabsorption
- more secretion
clearance (ml plasma/min) = excretion rate (mg/min) / [x] in
plasma (mg/ml plasma)
% of O2 saturation of hemoglobin Correct Answers % of O2
saturation of hemoglobin increase when:
- PO2 increases (movement from resting cell to alveoli)
- increase in pH
- PCO2 decreases
3 main peptides that control food intake Correct Answers
Increase appetite
- neuropeptide Y (NPY) in hypothalamus
- ghrelin in stomach
Decreases appetite
- Leptin in adipose tissue
3 most important cells of the gastric glands Correct Answers
Parietal cell: secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl)
,Chief cell: secrete gastric lipase
G cell: secretes gastrin (hormone)
4 processes of the nephron Correct Answers 1. Filtration (occur
in Bowman's capsule) (blood to lumen)
2. Reabsorption (lumen to blood)
3. Secretion (blood to lumen)
4. Excretion (lumen to outside of body) (occur at end of
collecting duct)
5α-reductase deficiency in males Correct Answers cause DHT
deficiency (can appear female at birth)
DHT cause development of male external genitalia
6 processes of digestion Correct Answers 1. ingestion
2. secretion
3. mixing and propulsion (motility)
4. digestion (chemical/mechanical)
5. absorption
6. defecation
accessory organs of the GI tract Correct Answers salivary
glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
anabolism and catabolism Correct Answers 2 types of
metabolism
anabolism involves synthesis
, catabolism involves breaking down molecules
Arterial O2 and CO2 levels during exercise Correct Answers
Arterial PgasO2 (IN): independent of O2 consumption and
exercise (stays constant)
Venous PgasO2 (OUT): decreases slightly as O2 consumption
and exercise increases
Arterial PgasCO2 (IN): mostly constant with a small dip when
there is intense O2 consumption and exercise (due to sharp
ventilation increase)
Bolye's Law Correct Answers P1V1 = P2V2
Bolye's Law: How do lungs fill with air? Correct Answers
Diaphragram contracts -> thoracic V increases -> P decrease
(lungs fill with air)
Diaphragram relaxes, -> thoracic V decreases -> P increase
(lungs push air out)
cardiovascular response to exercise Correct Answers cardiac
output increase: 4x
BUT
blood to skeletal muscles increase: 20x
HOW? proportion shift
- vasodilation in skeletal muscles
- vasoconstriction elsewhere
