PNB 2265 Exam 1- Questions and Answers | 2026
UPDATED | 100% CORRECT
what are the components of blood?
plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
blood functions
transportation (nutrients, waste, gases), regulation (pH, temperature), protection (part of immune
system)
buffy coat
a thin light colored layer of white blood cells and platelets than lie between a top layer of plasma
and red blood cells (B)
plasma
liquid portion of blood (A)
- 46-63% of blood
formed elements
red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets (D)
- 37-54% of blood
hematocrit
the ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood (C)
CBC (complete blood count)
A test which measures the amount of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets in a person.
,types of leukocytes
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes
HIV
A virus that attacks and destroys the helper T lymphocytes of the human immune system,
making affected individuals more susceptible to other diseases
CBC + Differential
A test which provides specific count of individual types of WBCs along with other blood
elements
what does a high eosinophil count mean?
parasitic infection
RBC morphology
Biconcave disk: Increases surface area available for oxygen diffusion and flexibility of cell
structure.
hemoglobin
iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen for delivery to cells
heme
group in hemoglobin that contains an iron molecule with a high affinity for oxygen
cooperative binding
, The tendency of the heme groups of hemoglobin to affect each other's oxygen binding such that
each bound oxygen molecule increases the likelihood of further oxygen binding.
the Bohr effect
a decrease in the amount of oxygen associated with hemoglobin in response to a lowered blood
pH resulting from an increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood.
the Haldane effect
high partial pressures of oxygen in the blood decrease hemoglobin's affinity for CO2
macrocytic anemia
anemia characterized by large, immature red blood cells
-caused by vitamin B12 deficiency
-pernicious anemia
microcytic anemia
anemia characterized by small red blood cells
-caused by iron deficiency
-thalassemia
sickle cell disease
Genetic disorder in which red blood cells have abnormal hemoglobin molecules and take on an
abnormal shape. RBCs are more prone to apoptosis which results in a reduced life expectancy
CO poisoning
UPDATED | 100% CORRECT
what are the components of blood?
plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
blood functions
transportation (nutrients, waste, gases), regulation (pH, temperature), protection (part of immune
system)
buffy coat
a thin light colored layer of white blood cells and platelets than lie between a top layer of plasma
and red blood cells (B)
plasma
liquid portion of blood (A)
- 46-63% of blood
formed elements
red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets (D)
- 37-54% of blood
hematocrit
the ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood (C)
CBC (complete blood count)
A test which measures the amount of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets in a person.
,types of leukocytes
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes
HIV
A virus that attacks and destroys the helper T lymphocytes of the human immune system,
making affected individuals more susceptible to other diseases
CBC + Differential
A test which provides specific count of individual types of WBCs along with other blood
elements
what does a high eosinophil count mean?
parasitic infection
RBC morphology
Biconcave disk: Increases surface area available for oxygen diffusion and flexibility of cell
structure.
hemoglobin
iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen for delivery to cells
heme
group in hemoglobin that contains an iron molecule with a high affinity for oxygen
cooperative binding
, The tendency of the heme groups of hemoglobin to affect each other's oxygen binding such that
each bound oxygen molecule increases the likelihood of further oxygen binding.
the Bohr effect
a decrease in the amount of oxygen associated with hemoglobin in response to a lowered blood
pH resulting from an increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood.
the Haldane effect
high partial pressures of oxygen in the blood decrease hemoglobin's affinity for CO2
macrocytic anemia
anemia characterized by large, immature red blood cells
-caused by vitamin B12 deficiency
-pernicious anemia
microcytic anemia
anemia characterized by small red blood cells
-caused by iron deficiency
-thalassemia
sickle cell disease
Genetic disorder in which red blood cells have abnormal hemoglobin molecules and take on an
abnormal shape. RBCs are more prone to apoptosis which results in a reduced life expectancy
CO poisoning
