CWS Exam – Study Guide and Practice Review Material
Cells make up the Epidermis? - ✔✔Keratinocytes
Keratinocytes are? - ✔✔in stratum granulosum, release lipids which continaun moisture, brick
and mortar of skin
Dermis contains? - ✔✔cells for immune function: Macrophages and Fibroblasts
Ph of the skin? - ✔✔4-6.5
Macrophages do what? - ✔✔
Fibroblasts are? - ✔✔
subcutaneous tissue? - ✔✔can not regenerate, heals scar tissue, poorly perfused, plays key
role in reducing presure
Muscle? - ✔✔can not regenerate, higher metabolic rate, most impacted by unrelieved
pressure.
age and skin? - ✔✔neonates and infants skin absorbption risj is higher. Older = prolonged skin
responce.
Basal cell carcinoma? - ✔✔most common, pearl like transulscent papule with central
ulceration.
,Squamous cell carcinoma? - ✔✔enlarged keratotic papule, can occur on les in elderly, mistaken
for a venous ulver
ABCDE? - ✔✔Assymetry
Border
Color
Diameter
Evolution
Biposy is? - ✔✔gold standard for identification if wound is not responding to normal
treatmenet
absorption of topical treatments? - ✔✔scrotum, hair follicles, face, forearm, palm of the hand,
plantar foot.
vitamin c difficency wound? - ✔✔traiangular skin tear: advaced = transparent epidermice
zinc defficency rash? - ✔✔flaking red rash, eyebrows orr nose folds
essiential fatty acid deficiency appears? - ✔✔snowflakes in the socks!!
glucosamine deficency? - ✔✔tenting of the skin that doesn not resolve
Macules? - ✔✔flat, different color than normal, on skin or mucosal area, may be fine scales.
NONPALPABLE
Papules? - ✔✔solid elevation from skin, red.
,Plaques? - ✔✔scaly raised areas of skin
nodules? - ✔✔firm well definined lesion under skin
cysts - ✔✔closed cavity or sac, fluid or semisolid
crust? - ✔✔hardened drainage: yellow = serum, Green or green-yellow = purulent. Red or
black - dried blood
abcess? - ✔✔accumulation of pus or purulent drainage, raised/red
Bulla? - ✔✔fluid filled blister
pustule? - ✔✔acne
vesicle? - ✔✔fluid filled cavity, clear, serous, hemmoragic, pus: allergic reaction or sunburn
erythema? - ✔✔red local blanchable!
erthroderma? - ✔✔gernalized blanchable redness
telanciectasia - ✔✔blanching spider veins
eccymosis? - ✔✔blood brusing under skin
, pertechiae - ✔✔nonblanchable macules, not raised, flat
palpable purpura? - ✔✔nonblanchable, raised, caused by inflammatory response
atrophy? - ✔✔thinning of under tissue
ulcer? - ✔✔loss of epidermis and at least upper dermis
gangrene - ✔✔necrotic tissue, caused from ischemia, wet or dry tissue death
eschar? - ✔✔thick dry leathery necrotic tissue
which cells in the dermis produce collagen and elastin for healing and immune function? -
✔✔Fibroblasts
which layer of skin if it has reduced makes it higher risk for patient to develop pressure injuries?
- ✔✔subcutaneous tissue
on which body site would application of medication be absorbed the greatest? - ✔✔the
forehead
first thing that happends in wound bed? - ✔✔bleeding
What does happends after bleeding in wound bed? - ✔✔vasoconstriction then clotting
cascade which realeases cytokines and fibrin for growth factors,
in inflammation stage 1st? - ✔✔cytokines and growth factors realeased
Cells make up the Epidermis? - ✔✔Keratinocytes
Keratinocytes are? - ✔✔in stratum granulosum, release lipids which continaun moisture, brick
and mortar of skin
Dermis contains? - ✔✔cells for immune function: Macrophages and Fibroblasts
Ph of the skin? - ✔✔4-6.5
Macrophages do what? - ✔✔
Fibroblasts are? - ✔✔
subcutaneous tissue? - ✔✔can not regenerate, heals scar tissue, poorly perfused, plays key
role in reducing presure
Muscle? - ✔✔can not regenerate, higher metabolic rate, most impacted by unrelieved
pressure.
age and skin? - ✔✔neonates and infants skin absorbption risj is higher. Older = prolonged skin
responce.
Basal cell carcinoma? - ✔✔most common, pearl like transulscent papule with central
ulceration.
,Squamous cell carcinoma? - ✔✔enlarged keratotic papule, can occur on les in elderly, mistaken
for a venous ulver
ABCDE? - ✔✔Assymetry
Border
Color
Diameter
Evolution
Biposy is? - ✔✔gold standard for identification if wound is not responding to normal
treatmenet
absorption of topical treatments? - ✔✔scrotum, hair follicles, face, forearm, palm of the hand,
plantar foot.
vitamin c difficency wound? - ✔✔traiangular skin tear: advaced = transparent epidermice
zinc defficency rash? - ✔✔flaking red rash, eyebrows orr nose folds
essiential fatty acid deficiency appears? - ✔✔snowflakes in the socks!!
glucosamine deficency? - ✔✔tenting of the skin that doesn not resolve
Macules? - ✔✔flat, different color than normal, on skin or mucosal area, may be fine scales.
NONPALPABLE
Papules? - ✔✔solid elevation from skin, red.
,Plaques? - ✔✔scaly raised areas of skin
nodules? - ✔✔firm well definined lesion under skin
cysts - ✔✔closed cavity or sac, fluid or semisolid
crust? - ✔✔hardened drainage: yellow = serum, Green or green-yellow = purulent. Red or
black - dried blood
abcess? - ✔✔accumulation of pus or purulent drainage, raised/red
Bulla? - ✔✔fluid filled blister
pustule? - ✔✔acne
vesicle? - ✔✔fluid filled cavity, clear, serous, hemmoragic, pus: allergic reaction or sunburn
erythema? - ✔✔red local blanchable!
erthroderma? - ✔✔gernalized blanchable redness
telanciectasia - ✔✔blanching spider veins
eccymosis? - ✔✔blood brusing under skin
, pertechiae - ✔✔nonblanchable macules, not raised, flat
palpable purpura? - ✔✔nonblanchable, raised, caused by inflammatory response
atrophy? - ✔✔thinning of under tissue
ulcer? - ✔✔loss of epidermis and at least upper dermis
gangrene - ✔✔necrotic tissue, caused from ischemia, wet or dry tissue death
eschar? - ✔✔thick dry leathery necrotic tissue
which cells in the dermis produce collagen and elastin for healing and immune function? -
✔✔Fibroblasts
which layer of skin if it has reduced makes it higher risk for patient to develop pressure injuries?
- ✔✔subcutaneous tissue
on which body site would application of medication be absorbed the greatest? - ✔✔the
forehead
first thing that happends in wound bed? - ✔✔bleeding
What does happends after bleeding in wound bed? - ✔✔vasoconstriction then clotting
cascade which realeases cytokines and fibrin for growth factors,
in inflammation stage 1st? - ✔✔cytokines and growth factors realeased
