Practice Exam Questions Pathophysiology
1) Generalized edema is usually a consequence of which of the following?
A. Excessive intracellular volume
B. Low blood pressure
C. Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure
D. Reduced plasma proteins
2) Fluid volume excess may be due to all of the following except:
A. Excessive isotonic fluid administration
B. Adrenal gland failure
C. Heart failure
D. Renal failure
3) Which of the following is the normal range for serum potassium?
A. 3.5-5 mEq/L
B. 4-6 mEq/L
C. 2-3.5 mEq/L
D. 1.5-2.5 mEq/L
4) Which of the following best describes the relationship between calcium and phosphorus?
A. When calcium is low, phosphorus is low
B. When calcium is high, phosphorus is high
C. When calcium is low, phosphorus is high
D. There is no relationship between calcium and phosphorus
5) A positive Trosseau’s sign has what clinical significance?
A. The person might have hypocalcemia
B. The person might have hypophosphatemia
C. The person might have hyperkalemia
D. The person might have hyponatremia
6) Hypernatremia and increased serum osmolality are associated with a deficit of which of the following?
A. Saline
B. Glucose
C. Electrolytes
D. Water
7) Which of the following best describes the result when administering intravenous isotonic fluids?
A. They remain in the extracellular space and do not enter the cells.
B. They move into the cells through osmosis.
C. They move into the cells through filtration.
D. They move evenly between the extracellular and intracellular spaces.
, 8) Which of the following hormones increases extracellular volume by promoting the reabsorption of water by the
kidneys?
A. Cortisol
B. Epinephrine
C. Antidiuretic hormone
D. Natriuretic peptides
9) Pathophysiology includes all of the following except?
A. etiology
B. clinical manifestations
C. mechanisms of pathogenesis
D. clinical management
10) Understanding the epidemiology of a disease is essential for effective:
A. prevention
B. therapy
C. treatment
D. diagnosis
11). Which of the following is an example of primary prevention?
A. childhood immunizations for communicable disease
B. Routine Papanicolaou (Pap) smear of the cervix
C. Amniocentesis to detect genetic abnormality in the fetus
D. Range-of-motion exercises to reverse disuse atrophy in the stroke patient
12). Which of the following is an example of a clinical sign of a disease?
A. fatigue
B. dizziness
C. cough
D. pain
13). The most important differentiating feature between benign and malignant tumors is:
1) Generalized edema is usually a consequence of which of the following?
A. Excessive intracellular volume
B. Low blood pressure
C. Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure
D. Reduced plasma proteins
2) Fluid volume excess may be due to all of the following except:
A. Excessive isotonic fluid administration
B. Adrenal gland failure
C. Heart failure
D. Renal failure
3) Which of the following is the normal range for serum potassium?
A. 3.5-5 mEq/L
B. 4-6 mEq/L
C. 2-3.5 mEq/L
D. 1.5-2.5 mEq/L
4) Which of the following best describes the relationship between calcium and phosphorus?
A. When calcium is low, phosphorus is low
B. When calcium is high, phosphorus is high
C. When calcium is low, phosphorus is high
D. There is no relationship between calcium and phosphorus
5) A positive Trosseau’s sign has what clinical significance?
A. The person might have hypocalcemia
B. The person might have hypophosphatemia
C. The person might have hyperkalemia
D. The person might have hyponatremia
6) Hypernatremia and increased serum osmolality are associated with a deficit of which of the following?
A. Saline
B. Glucose
C. Electrolytes
D. Water
7) Which of the following best describes the result when administering intravenous isotonic fluids?
A. They remain in the extracellular space and do not enter the cells.
B. They move into the cells through osmosis.
C. They move into the cells through filtration.
D. They move evenly between the extracellular and intracellular spaces.
, 8) Which of the following hormones increases extracellular volume by promoting the reabsorption of water by the
kidneys?
A. Cortisol
B. Epinephrine
C. Antidiuretic hormone
D. Natriuretic peptides
9) Pathophysiology includes all of the following except?
A. etiology
B. clinical manifestations
C. mechanisms of pathogenesis
D. clinical management
10) Understanding the epidemiology of a disease is essential for effective:
A. prevention
B. therapy
C. treatment
D. diagnosis
11). Which of the following is an example of primary prevention?
A. childhood immunizations for communicable disease
B. Routine Papanicolaou (Pap) smear of the cervix
C. Amniocentesis to detect genetic abnormality in the fetus
D. Range-of-motion exercises to reverse disuse atrophy in the stroke patient
12). Which of the following is an example of a clinical sign of a disease?
A. fatigue
B. dizziness
C. cough
D. pain
13). The most important differentiating feature between benign and malignant tumors is:
