NUR 210 EXAM 2 NEWEST 2026/2027
ACTUAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED
A+||NEWEST VERSION
What are some cues indicating gas exchange impairment? - ANSWER ↓ SpO₂,
abnormal ABGs, dyspnea, cyanosis, and increased work of breathing.
What vital signs are important for assessing perfusion? - ANSWER Blood
pressure, pulse quality, and SpO₂.
What might delayed capillary refill indicate? - ANSWER Potential perfusion
impairment.
What are the signs of ischemia? - ANSWER Cool, pale extremities.
What lifestyle factors should be considered in a health history for gas exchange
and perfusion? - ANSWER Smoking, exercise, diet, and alcohol or drug use.
What diagnostics are used to assess gas exchange? - ANSWER ABGs, CBC,
chest X-ray, CT, V/Q scan, and pulmonary function tests.
,What diagnostics are used to assess perfusion? - ANSWER Cardiac biomarkers,
ECG, lipid panel, and coagulation studies.
What might indicate impaired perfusion during an assessment? -
ANSWER Hypotension, weak or absent pulses, dizziness, or syncope.
What is the significance of auscultating heart sounds? - ANSWER To identify
normal and abnormal heart sounds (S1, S2, extra sounds) which can indicate
perfusion issues.
What is the impact of chronic illnesses on gas exchange and perfusion? -
ANSWER They can exacerbate symptoms and lead to further complications.
Check for absence of complications - ANSWER Look for signs of
complications such as dehydration, skin breakdown, or infection that may arise
from impaired elimination.
Evaluate patient understanding and adherence - ANSWER Assess whether the
patient understands and follows dietary, fluid, and medication recommendations to
manage their condition.
Sleep - ANSWER A natural, necessary shift in physiologic and neurologic
activity.
Restorative Sleep - ANSWER Not a period of inactivity; essential for mental,
physical, and emotional health.
, Circadian Rhythms - ANSWER The 24-hour biologic clock that regulates
sleep.
Sleep Cycle - ANSWER Lasts 90-100 minutes.
Circadian Synchronization - ANSWER Occurs when sleep-wake patterns
follow the inner biologic clock.
Circadian Desynchronization - ANSWER Exists when sleep-wake patterns are
altered.
NREM Sleep - ANSWER Non-Rapid Eye Movement; includes stages of light
to deep sleep.
Stage 1 of NREM - ANSWER Light sleep, easily awakened.
Stage 2 of NREM - ANSWER Deeper relaxation.
Stage 3 of NREM - ANSWER Deep sleep; restorative and hardest to wake.
REM Sleep - ANSWER Rapid Eye Movement; associated with dreaming and
increased brain activity.
Importance of REM Sleep - ANSWER Important for memory and learning.
, Universal risk - ANSWER All individuals can experience sleep issues
High-risk populations - ANSWER Middle-aged and older adults, women
(especially pregnant/perimenopausal), men (higher risk for obstructive sleep
apnea), individuals with obesity
Contributing factors - ANSWER Lifestyle (diet, caffeine, smoking, activity),
environmental (noise, light, temperature), psychological stress, illness/medical
conditions, medications, cultural and developmental influences
Difficulty falling or staying asleep - ANSWER A common symptom of sleep
disturbances where individuals struggle to initiate or maintain sleep.
Daytime fatigue - ANSWER A state of tiredness experienced during the day,
often resulting from inadequate or poor-quality sleep.
Epworth Sleepiness Scale - ANSWER A self-administered questionnaire used
to measure daytime sleepiness and assess the likelihood of falling asleep in various
situations.
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) - ANSWER A standardized
questionnaire that evaluates sleep quality and disturbances over a one-month
period.
STOP-BANG - ANSWER A screening tool used to identify individuals at risk
for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) based on specific criteria.
ACTUAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED
A+||NEWEST VERSION
What are some cues indicating gas exchange impairment? - ANSWER ↓ SpO₂,
abnormal ABGs, dyspnea, cyanosis, and increased work of breathing.
What vital signs are important for assessing perfusion? - ANSWER Blood
pressure, pulse quality, and SpO₂.
What might delayed capillary refill indicate? - ANSWER Potential perfusion
impairment.
What are the signs of ischemia? - ANSWER Cool, pale extremities.
What lifestyle factors should be considered in a health history for gas exchange
and perfusion? - ANSWER Smoking, exercise, diet, and alcohol or drug use.
What diagnostics are used to assess gas exchange? - ANSWER ABGs, CBC,
chest X-ray, CT, V/Q scan, and pulmonary function tests.
,What diagnostics are used to assess perfusion? - ANSWER Cardiac biomarkers,
ECG, lipid panel, and coagulation studies.
What might indicate impaired perfusion during an assessment? -
ANSWER Hypotension, weak or absent pulses, dizziness, or syncope.
What is the significance of auscultating heart sounds? - ANSWER To identify
normal and abnormal heart sounds (S1, S2, extra sounds) which can indicate
perfusion issues.
What is the impact of chronic illnesses on gas exchange and perfusion? -
ANSWER They can exacerbate symptoms and lead to further complications.
Check for absence of complications - ANSWER Look for signs of
complications such as dehydration, skin breakdown, or infection that may arise
from impaired elimination.
Evaluate patient understanding and adherence - ANSWER Assess whether the
patient understands and follows dietary, fluid, and medication recommendations to
manage their condition.
Sleep - ANSWER A natural, necessary shift in physiologic and neurologic
activity.
Restorative Sleep - ANSWER Not a period of inactivity; essential for mental,
physical, and emotional health.
, Circadian Rhythms - ANSWER The 24-hour biologic clock that regulates
sleep.
Sleep Cycle - ANSWER Lasts 90-100 minutes.
Circadian Synchronization - ANSWER Occurs when sleep-wake patterns
follow the inner biologic clock.
Circadian Desynchronization - ANSWER Exists when sleep-wake patterns are
altered.
NREM Sleep - ANSWER Non-Rapid Eye Movement; includes stages of light
to deep sleep.
Stage 1 of NREM - ANSWER Light sleep, easily awakened.
Stage 2 of NREM - ANSWER Deeper relaxation.
Stage 3 of NREM - ANSWER Deep sleep; restorative and hardest to wake.
REM Sleep - ANSWER Rapid Eye Movement; associated with dreaming and
increased brain activity.
Importance of REM Sleep - ANSWER Important for memory and learning.
, Universal risk - ANSWER All individuals can experience sleep issues
High-risk populations - ANSWER Middle-aged and older adults, women
(especially pregnant/perimenopausal), men (higher risk for obstructive sleep
apnea), individuals with obesity
Contributing factors - ANSWER Lifestyle (diet, caffeine, smoking, activity),
environmental (noise, light, temperature), psychological stress, illness/medical
conditions, medications, cultural and developmental influences
Difficulty falling or staying asleep - ANSWER A common symptom of sleep
disturbances where individuals struggle to initiate or maintain sleep.
Daytime fatigue - ANSWER A state of tiredness experienced during the day,
often resulting from inadequate or poor-quality sleep.
Epworth Sleepiness Scale - ANSWER A self-administered questionnaire used
to measure daytime sleepiness and assess the likelihood of falling asleep in various
situations.
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) - ANSWER A standardized
questionnaire that evaluates sleep quality and disturbances over a one-month
period.
STOP-BANG - ANSWER A screening tool used to identify individuals at risk
for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) based on specific criteria.
