ONCC LATEST EXAM PREP QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS PDF 2026
▶ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) survival pathway. Answer: -
play a role in resistance to some chemotherapy agents in certain pts by
keeping cells that have been exposed to chemotherapy from undergoing
apoptosis
-role in angiogenesis
▶ phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K). Answer: -transduction enzymes that
activate Akt, leading to cell survival, increased cell proliferation, and growith
▶ Neoadjuvant Treatment. Answer: -treatment given as a first step to
shrink a tumor before the main treatment, usually surgery
-examples: chemo, radiation therapy, hormone therapy
▶ Adjuvant therapy. Answer: -additonal cancer treatment given after the
primary treatment to lower the risk that the cancer can recur
-Examples: chemo, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy,
or biologic therapy
,▶ Dose density. Answer: -refers to the drug dose per unit of time
-reduction of time between treatments to achieve higher concentration than
in a standard treatment plan
▶ Dose intensity. Answer: -amount of drug delivered over time
-smaller doses of chemotherapy given more frequently
▶ Relative dose intensity (RDI). Answer: -calculated by comparing the
dose that the pt received to the planned dose of the standard regimen
▶ Oral Chemotherapy. Answer: -greater challenge to adherence because
the responsibility falls on the pt and caregiver
▶ Nonadherence. Answer: -pt takes too few or too many pills
▶ Overadherence. Answer: -when a pt believes a dose was missed or that
"more is better", too much medication may be taken, leading to increased
toxicity
▶ Factor affecting adherence. Answer: -provider relationship
-side effects
-necessity
-routinization
, -support
-lifestyle fit
-cost
-medication knowledge
-pill burden
-regiment complexity
▶ Lesson 2: Alkylating Agents. Answer:
▶ Alkylating Agents. Answer: -function by causing a break in the DNA
helix strand, causing interference with DNA replication, which results in cell
death
▶ Alkylating Agent Subgroups. Answer: -Nitrogen mustards
(cyclophosphamide{Cytoxin}, ifosfamide{Ifex}, bendamustine{Treanda})
-Platinum-based (cisplatin{Planitol}, carboplatin{Paraplatin}): do not
possess an alkyl group
-nitrosoureas
▶ Nitrosoureas. Answer: -subgroup of alkylating agents
-able to cross the blood-brain barrier (effective in treating some brain
tumors, melanomas, lymphomas)
AND ANSWERS PDF 2026
▶ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) survival pathway. Answer: -
play a role in resistance to some chemotherapy agents in certain pts by
keeping cells that have been exposed to chemotherapy from undergoing
apoptosis
-role in angiogenesis
▶ phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K). Answer: -transduction enzymes that
activate Akt, leading to cell survival, increased cell proliferation, and growith
▶ Neoadjuvant Treatment. Answer: -treatment given as a first step to
shrink a tumor before the main treatment, usually surgery
-examples: chemo, radiation therapy, hormone therapy
▶ Adjuvant therapy. Answer: -additonal cancer treatment given after the
primary treatment to lower the risk that the cancer can recur
-Examples: chemo, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy,
or biologic therapy
,▶ Dose density. Answer: -refers to the drug dose per unit of time
-reduction of time between treatments to achieve higher concentration than
in a standard treatment plan
▶ Dose intensity. Answer: -amount of drug delivered over time
-smaller doses of chemotherapy given more frequently
▶ Relative dose intensity (RDI). Answer: -calculated by comparing the
dose that the pt received to the planned dose of the standard regimen
▶ Oral Chemotherapy. Answer: -greater challenge to adherence because
the responsibility falls on the pt and caregiver
▶ Nonadherence. Answer: -pt takes too few or too many pills
▶ Overadherence. Answer: -when a pt believes a dose was missed or that
"more is better", too much medication may be taken, leading to increased
toxicity
▶ Factor affecting adherence. Answer: -provider relationship
-side effects
-necessity
-routinization
, -support
-lifestyle fit
-cost
-medication knowledge
-pill burden
-regiment complexity
▶ Lesson 2: Alkylating Agents. Answer:
▶ Alkylating Agents. Answer: -function by causing a break in the DNA
helix strand, causing interference with DNA replication, which results in cell
death
▶ Alkylating Agent Subgroups. Answer: -Nitrogen mustards
(cyclophosphamide{Cytoxin}, ifosfamide{Ifex}, bendamustine{Treanda})
-Platinum-based (cisplatin{Planitol}, carboplatin{Paraplatin}): do not
possess an alkyl group
-nitrosoureas
▶ Nitrosoureas. Answer: -subgroup of alkylating agents
-able to cross the blood-brain barrier (effective in treating some brain
tumors, melanomas, lymphomas)
