NUR 2063 Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 1
2026 | 100 Practice Questions with Answers and
Detailed Rationales | NCLEX-Style Nursing Exam
Review Guide
INTRODUCTION
This NUR 2063 Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 1 practice set is designed to help
nursing students master core disease processes, clinical manifestations, and system-based
pathophysiology concepts. Questions follow an NCLEX-style format with clear rationales to
strengthen exam readiness and critical thinking.
1. What is the primary function of red blood cells?
A. Fight infection
B. Carry oxygen
C. Produce hormones
D. Regulate blood pressure
✔️ Answer: B. Carry oxygen
Rationale: RBCs contain hemoglobin, which transports oxygen to tissues.
2. Which condition results from insulin deficiency?
A. Type 2 diabetes
B. Type 1 diabetes
C. Hypothyroidism
D. Hyperthyroidism
✔️ Answer: B. Type 1 diabetes
Rationale: Autoimmune destruction of beta cells leads to insulin deficiency.
,3. Which organ is primarily responsible for detoxification?
A. Kidney
B. Liver
C. Pancreas
D. Lungs
✔️ Answer: B. Liver
Rationale: The liver metabolizes toxins and drugs.
4. What is the normal function of white blood cells?
A. Oxygen transport
B. Clot formation
C. Immune defense
D. Hormone secretion
✔️ Answer: C. Immune defense
Rationale: WBCs fight infection and foreign invaders.
5. Which electrolyte imbalance causes muscle cramps and tetany?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypocalcemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypermagnesemia
✔️ Answer: B. Hypocalcemia
Rationale: Low calcium increases neuromuscular excitability.
6. Which condition is characterized by narrowed coronary arteries?
A. Asthma
B. Atherosclerosis
C. Pneumonia
D. COPD
, ✔️ Answer: B. Atherosclerosis
Rationale: Plaque buildup narrows blood vessels.
7. What is the main function of the kidneys?
A. Digest food
B. Filter blood
C. Produce insulin
D. Control breathing
✔️ Answer: B. Filter blood
Rationale: Kidneys remove waste and regulate fluid balance.
8. Which condition causes inflammation of the airways?
A. Diabetes
B. Asthma
C. Hypertension
D. Stroke
✔️ Answer: B. Asthma
Rationale: Airway inflammation leads to bronchoconstriction.
9. What is a common sign of infection?
A. Bradycardia
B. Fever
C. Hypotension
D. Hair loss
✔️ Answer: B. Fever
Rationale: Fever is part of the immune response.
10. Which hormone regulates blood glucose levels?
A. Thyroxine
B. Insulin
2026 | 100 Practice Questions with Answers and
Detailed Rationales | NCLEX-Style Nursing Exam
Review Guide
INTRODUCTION
This NUR 2063 Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 1 practice set is designed to help
nursing students master core disease processes, clinical manifestations, and system-based
pathophysiology concepts. Questions follow an NCLEX-style format with clear rationales to
strengthen exam readiness and critical thinking.
1. What is the primary function of red blood cells?
A. Fight infection
B. Carry oxygen
C. Produce hormones
D. Regulate blood pressure
✔️ Answer: B. Carry oxygen
Rationale: RBCs contain hemoglobin, which transports oxygen to tissues.
2. Which condition results from insulin deficiency?
A. Type 2 diabetes
B. Type 1 diabetes
C. Hypothyroidism
D. Hyperthyroidism
✔️ Answer: B. Type 1 diabetes
Rationale: Autoimmune destruction of beta cells leads to insulin deficiency.
,3. Which organ is primarily responsible for detoxification?
A. Kidney
B. Liver
C. Pancreas
D. Lungs
✔️ Answer: B. Liver
Rationale: The liver metabolizes toxins and drugs.
4. What is the normal function of white blood cells?
A. Oxygen transport
B. Clot formation
C. Immune defense
D. Hormone secretion
✔️ Answer: C. Immune defense
Rationale: WBCs fight infection and foreign invaders.
5. Which electrolyte imbalance causes muscle cramps and tetany?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypocalcemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypermagnesemia
✔️ Answer: B. Hypocalcemia
Rationale: Low calcium increases neuromuscular excitability.
6. Which condition is characterized by narrowed coronary arteries?
A. Asthma
B. Atherosclerosis
C. Pneumonia
D. COPD
, ✔️ Answer: B. Atherosclerosis
Rationale: Plaque buildup narrows blood vessels.
7. What is the main function of the kidneys?
A. Digest food
B. Filter blood
C. Produce insulin
D. Control breathing
✔️ Answer: B. Filter blood
Rationale: Kidneys remove waste and regulate fluid balance.
8. Which condition causes inflammation of the airways?
A. Diabetes
B. Asthma
C. Hypertension
D. Stroke
✔️ Answer: B. Asthma
Rationale: Airway inflammation leads to bronchoconstriction.
9. What is a common sign of infection?
A. Bradycardia
B. Fever
C. Hypotension
D. Hair loss
✔️ Answer: B. Fever
Rationale: Fever is part of the immune response.
10. Which hormone regulates blood glucose levels?
A. Thyroxine
B. Insulin
