Community Relations Exam II +CLEET
Relations Question and answers
already passed 2025/2026
The U.S. Supreme Court held that due process of law required appointment of counsel for young,
inexperienced, illiterate, and indigent defendants in capital cases in: - correct answer ✔Powell v.
Alabama
The U.S. Supreme Court required the appointment of counsel for all indigent defendants in federal
criminal cases in: - correct answer ✔Johnson v. Zerbst
The U.S. Supreme Court applied the right to counsel at all critical stages in the criminal justice process,
not just at trial, in: - correct answer ✔Mempa v. Rhay
The U.S. Supreme Court extended to the states the requirement to appoint for all indigent defendants
in: - correct answer ✔1963
The right to counsel in all criminal prosecutions is established in the __________ Amendment to the U.S.
Constitution. - correct answer ✔6th Amendment
The emphasis of bail reform efforts in the 1960s was - correct answer ✔Reduction of Pretrial detention
The emphasis of bail reform efforts in the 1970s was - correct answer ✔Preventive detention
The U.S. Supreme Court held that the decision to prosecute may not be deliberately based upon an
unjustifiable standard such as race, religion, or other arbitrary classification in: - correct answer
✔BrodenKircher v. Haye
, In 1984, the Supreme Court articulated constitutional standards for determining whether a defendant
had ineffective assistance of counsel in the case of: - correct answer ✔Strickland v. Washington
The odds of pretrial detention for__________ males were twice those for white males, and the
differences between these males and either African-American females or white females were even
larger. - correct answer ✔African American
The first bail reform movement occurred during the 19__ - correct answer ✔2960s
The second bail reform movement occurred during the 19___ - correct answer ✔1970s
In 1951 there were only ___________________ public defender organizations in the US. - correct
answer ✔7
In most states, _____________________________ felony cases are dismissed by the prosecutor prior to
a determination of guilt or innocence. - correct answer ✔1/3 or 1/2 of all felony cases
The ______________________________ Project found that the majority of defendants released on
their own recognizance did appear for trial. - correct answer ✔Manhattan Bail Project
Repeated studies consistently show that pretrial detention has __________ effects on other case
processing decisions. - correct answer ✔Spillover effect
As part of the courtroom workgroup, in other words, public defenders are in a better position than
private attorneys to negotiate favorable plea bargains and thus to ______________ punishment. -
correct answer ✔Mitigate
Richard Sander, a law professor at the University of California Los Angeles, noted that ________ percent
of the African-American students who entered law school in the fall of 1991 either did not graduate or
Relations Question and answers
already passed 2025/2026
The U.S. Supreme Court held that due process of law required appointment of counsel for young,
inexperienced, illiterate, and indigent defendants in capital cases in: - correct answer ✔Powell v.
Alabama
The U.S. Supreme Court required the appointment of counsel for all indigent defendants in federal
criminal cases in: - correct answer ✔Johnson v. Zerbst
The U.S. Supreme Court applied the right to counsel at all critical stages in the criminal justice process,
not just at trial, in: - correct answer ✔Mempa v. Rhay
The U.S. Supreme Court extended to the states the requirement to appoint for all indigent defendants
in: - correct answer ✔1963
The right to counsel in all criminal prosecutions is established in the __________ Amendment to the U.S.
Constitution. - correct answer ✔6th Amendment
The emphasis of bail reform efforts in the 1960s was - correct answer ✔Reduction of Pretrial detention
The emphasis of bail reform efforts in the 1970s was - correct answer ✔Preventive detention
The U.S. Supreme Court held that the decision to prosecute may not be deliberately based upon an
unjustifiable standard such as race, religion, or other arbitrary classification in: - correct answer
✔BrodenKircher v. Haye
, In 1984, the Supreme Court articulated constitutional standards for determining whether a defendant
had ineffective assistance of counsel in the case of: - correct answer ✔Strickland v. Washington
The odds of pretrial detention for__________ males were twice those for white males, and the
differences between these males and either African-American females or white females were even
larger. - correct answer ✔African American
The first bail reform movement occurred during the 19__ - correct answer ✔2960s
The second bail reform movement occurred during the 19___ - correct answer ✔1970s
In 1951 there were only ___________________ public defender organizations in the US. - correct
answer ✔7
In most states, _____________________________ felony cases are dismissed by the prosecutor prior to
a determination of guilt or innocence. - correct answer ✔1/3 or 1/2 of all felony cases
The ______________________________ Project found that the majority of defendants released on
their own recognizance did appear for trial. - correct answer ✔Manhattan Bail Project
Repeated studies consistently show that pretrial detention has __________ effects on other case
processing decisions. - correct answer ✔Spillover effect
As part of the courtroom workgroup, in other words, public defenders are in a better position than
private attorneys to negotiate favorable plea bargains and thus to ______________ punishment. -
correct answer ✔Mitigate
Richard Sander, a law professor at the University of California Los Angeles, noted that ________ percent
of the African-American students who entered law school in the fall of 1991 either did not graduate or
