CARDIOVASCULAR AND HEMATOLOGY
EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH
ACCURATE SOLUTIONS 2026.
▶ Erythrocytes (RBCs). Answer: Carry oxygen; no nucleus; biconcave
shape; contain hemoglobin.
▶ Leukocytes (WBCs). Answer: Fight infection; have nucleus; leave
bloodstream to fight pathogens.
▶ Platelets. Answer: Help blood clot; not full cells (cell fragments).
▶ Hematopoiesis. Answer: Occurs in red bone marrow; stem cells → all
blood cells.
▶ Hemostasis. Answer: Stopping bleeding: 1. Vasoconstriction, 2. Platelet
plug, 3. Fibrin clot.
▶ Blood Tests (CBC). Answer: Measures RBC count, WBC count,
Platelets, Hemoglobin, Hematocrit.
▶ Sickle Cell Disease. Answer: RBCs become sickle-shaped; can't carry
oxygen well; causes anemia.
▶ Hemophilia. Answer: Genetic disorder; blood doesn't clot properly; more
common in males.
▶ Blood Types. Answer: Antigens = on RBC surface; Antibodies = attack
foreign cells.
▶ Wrong Blood Type Effects. Answer: Agglutination = clumping;
Hemolysis = RBC destruction → can cause kidney failure.
▶ Universal Donor. Answer: O-.
▶ Universal Receiver. Answer: AB+.
EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH
ACCURATE SOLUTIONS 2026.
▶ Erythrocytes (RBCs). Answer: Carry oxygen; no nucleus; biconcave
shape; contain hemoglobin.
▶ Leukocytes (WBCs). Answer: Fight infection; have nucleus; leave
bloodstream to fight pathogens.
▶ Platelets. Answer: Help blood clot; not full cells (cell fragments).
▶ Hematopoiesis. Answer: Occurs in red bone marrow; stem cells → all
blood cells.
▶ Hemostasis. Answer: Stopping bleeding: 1. Vasoconstriction, 2. Platelet
plug, 3. Fibrin clot.
▶ Blood Tests (CBC). Answer: Measures RBC count, WBC count,
Platelets, Hemoglobin, Hematocrit.
▶ Sickle Cell Disease. Answer: RBCs become sickle-shaped; can't carry
oxygen well; causes anemia.
▶ Hemophilia. Answer: Genetic disorder; blood doesn't clot properly; more
common in males.
▶ Blood Types. Answer: Antigens = on RBC surface; Antibodies = attack
foreign cells.
▶ Wrong Blood Type Effects. Answer: Agglutination = clumping;
Hemolysis = RBC destruction → can cause kidney failure.
▶ Universal Donor. Answer: O-.
▶ Universal Receiver. Answer: AB+.
