HEAS 1000 EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Nursing Process (ADOPIE) - Answers - 1- Assessment
2- Diagnosis
3- Outcome Identification
4- Planning
5- Implementation
6- Evaluation
Assessment - Answers - - the collection of data about an individuals health state.
- for the purpose of making a judgement or diagnosis
Setting Priorities - Answers - - First Level - checking vitals, breathing, bleedings
- Second Level - Bloodwork (checking problems)
- Third Level - anything that hasn't been dealt with
- Collaborative - working with professionals
Types of Assessment Data - Answers - - Subjective
- Objective
Types of Databases (CEFE) - Answers - - Complete Assessment
- Episodic or Problem Centered
-Follow up/Ongoing
-Emergency
Subjective Data - Answers - - symptoms
- Anything the patients tells you
- answer's from your questions
Objective Data - Answers - - Signs
- Signs from the external body of the patient
- Judgement based from what we saw
Why do we conduct a health interview - Answers - - to find all the pieces (problems),
whole bunch of information
- to conduct an assessment
- checking the chart first
Health History - Answers - - biographical ata includes:
- Name, contact info, age, date of birth, identified gender
- ethnic background
- educational level
- occupation
- support system
,purpose of health history - Answers - - Gives reason for seeking care (what concerns
them about their health)
- helps us focus our assessment on the area of concern
- client may indicate a medical diagnosis based on symptoms and an internet search
- ask why the symptoms led them to believe their stated diagnosis
Past Health History - Answers - - childhood illness
- accidents/injuries
- chronic illness
- hospitalizations/operations
- immunizations
- last exam (doctor/dentist/eyes/ear)
- obstetrical history
- allergies
- medications
Family History - Answers - Includes:
- Maternal & paternal grandparents, parents & siblings
- if they had current symptoms, if they are still living, if not how old did they die and what
is the cause of it
Review of systems - Answers - - Does NOT include medications, allergies or family
history
- about the patient, not the family.
- there's 12 review of systems. ex, (respiratory system, integumentary systems about
the patient)
complete (total health) data - Answers - - complete health history and results of a full
physical examination.
- example - in primary care (family or paediatric clinic, college health services, visiting
nurse agency)
Episodic or problem centred data - Answers - - limited or short term problem
- it focus mainly on one problem or one body system
follow up/ ongoing data - Answers - - the status of any identified problems should be
evaluated at regular and appropriate intervals.
- the outcome of the surgery, medications (is it getting better or worse? what change
has occurred? )
Emergency - Answers - - rapid collection of the data, often compiled while life-saving
measures are occurring
- ex, a man having a stroke at the train station, try to find the wallet first for identification
Evidence informed practice - Answers - - more than the use of best practice techniques
t treat patients
,- a paradigm and life-long problem solving approach to clinical decision-making that
involves doing the work well and thoroughly with the use of the best available evidence
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living - Answers - - developed by Lawton & Brody in
1969
IADL
- cooking
- house cleaning
- taking medication
- laundry
- shopping
- personal finances
- communication
- transportation
priority setting in health assessment - Answers - - a dynamic changing process,
depending on the seriousness & relationship of the problems
- make a complete list of current medications, medical problems, allergies & reasons for
seeking care
- determine the relationships among the problems
steps to setting priorities ( 1st, 2nd, 3rd) - Answers - - first level priority problems
- second level priority
- third level priority
First level priority - Answers - - emergencies, life threatening & immediate
ABCV priority
A-irway problems
B-reathing problems
C-ardiac/circulation problems
V-ital sign concerns
Second level priority - Answers - - next in urgency
- mental health status change (confusion, decreased alertness), untreated medical
problems, acute pain, acute urinary elimination, abnormal laboratory values, risks of
infection
third level priority - Answers - - important to the patients health but can be addressed
after more health problems are addressed
- lack of knowledge, activity, rest, family coping
Activities of Daily Living - Answers - ADL
- bathing/ showering
- toileting/toilet hygiene
- eating/swallowing
- feeding
, - functional mobility
- sexual activity
- personal device care
- personal hygiene and grooming
Diagnostic Reasoning - Answers - - The process of analyzing health data and drawing
conclusions to identify diagnoses.
Cues - Answers - - a piece of information
- a sign, symptom or a piece of laboratory data.
Diagnostic Hypothesis - Answers - -tentative explanation for a cue
- a set of cues that can be used as a basis for further investigation.
cultural competence - Answers - - knowledge, skills, attitudes or personal attributes
nurses shows to the client to maximize respectful relationships with diverse populations
of clients and co-workers.
Cultural Safety - Answers - - both the process and the outcome whose goal is to
promote greater equity for everyone.
Behavioural Model - Answers - - Moves health beyond treating disease by including
primary and secondary preventions in order to change behaviours and lifestyle.
- ex, quitting smoking, eating nutritious food
Biomedical Model - Answers - - the strongest model of health in the Canadian health
care system.
- health is viewed as the absence of disease
- focus is on diagnosis and treatment or curing the disease
Critical Thinking - Answers - - a multidimensional process by which nurses learn to
assess and modify diagnoses and treatments before acting if indicated.
Diagnostic Reasoning - Answers - - A method of collecting and analyzing clinical
information with the following components:
1. attending to initial cues
2. formulating diagnostic hypothesis
3. gathering data from the diagnostic hypothesis
4. evaluating hypothesis with the new collected data to make a final diagnosis
health promotion - Answers - - a comprehensive social and political process of enabling
people to increase control over the determinants of health and therefore improve their
health
Medical Diagnosis - Answers - - focus on the function or malfunction of a specific organ
system
Nursing Process (ADOPIE) - Answers - 1- Assessment
2- Diagnosis
3- Outcome Identification
4- Planning
5- Implementation
6- Evaluation
Assessment - Answers - - the collection of data about an individuals health state.
- for the purpose of making a judgement or diagnosis
Setting Priorities - Answers - - First Level - checking vitals, breathing, bleedings
- Second Level - Bloodwork (checking problems)
- Third Level - anything that hasn't been dealt with
- Collaborative - working with professionals
Types of Assessment Data - Answers - - Subjective
- Objective
Types of Databases (CEFE) - Answers - - Complete Assessment
- Episodic or Problem Centered
-Follow up/Ongoing
-Emergency
Subjective Data - Answers - - symptoms
- Anything the patients tells you
- answer's from your questions
Objective Data - Answers - - Signs
- Signs from the external body of the patient
- Judgement based from what we saw
Why do we conduct a health interview - Answers - - to find all the pieces (problems),
whole bunch of information
- to conduct an assessment
- checking the chart first
Health History - Answers - - biographical ata includes:
- Name, contact info, age, date of birth, identified gender
- ethnic background
- educational level
- occupation
- support system
,purpose of health history - Answers - - Gives reason for seeking care (what concerns
them about their health)
- helps us focus our assessment on the area of concern
- client may indicate a medical diagnosis based on symptoms and an internet search
- ask why the symptoms led them to believe their stated diagnosis
Past Health History - Answers - - childhood illness
- accidents/injuries
- chronic illness
- hospitalizations/operations
- immunizations
- last exam (doctor/dentist/eyes/ear)
- obstetrical history
- allergies
- medications
Family History - Answers - Includes:
- Maternal & paternal grandparents, parents & siblings
- if they had current symptoms, if they are still living, if not how old did they die and what
is the cause of it
Review of systems - Answers - - Does NOT include medications, allergies or family
history
- about the patient, not the family.
- there's 12 review of systems. ex, (respiratory system, integumentary systems about
the patient)
complete (total health) data - Answers - - complete health history and results of a full
physical examination.
- example - in primary care (family or paediatric clinic, college health services, visiting
nurse agency)
Episodic or problem centred data - Answers - - limited or short term problem
- it focus mainly on one problem or one body system
follow up/ ongoing data - Answers - - the status of any identified problems should be
evaluated at regular and appropriate intervals.
- the outcome of the surgery, medications (is it getting better or worse? what change
has occurred? )
Emergency - Answers - - rapid collection of the data, often compiled while life-saving
measures are occurring
- ex, a man having a stroke at the train station, try to find the wallet first for identification
Evidence informed practice - Answers - - more than the use of best practice techniques
t treat patients
,- a paradigm and life-long problem solving approach to clinical decision-making that
involves doing the work well and thoroughly with the use of the best available evidence
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living - Answers - - developed by Lawton & Brody in
1969
IADL
- cooking
- house cleaning
- taking medication
- laundry
- shopping
- personal finances
- communication
- transportation
priority setting in health assessment - Answers - - a dynamic changing process,
depending on the seriousness & relationship of the problems
- make a complete list of current medications, medical problems, allergies & reasons for
seeking care
- determine the relationships among the problems
steps to setting priorities ( 1st, 2nd, 3rd) - Answers - - first level priority problems
- second level priority
- third level priority
First level priority - Answers - - emergencies, life threatening & immediate
ABCV priority
A-irway problems
B-reathing problems
C-ardiac/circulation problems
V-ital sign concerns
Second level priority - Answers - - next in urgency
- mental health status change (confusion, decreased alertness), untreated medical
problems, acute pain, acute urinary elimination, abnormal laboratory values, risks of
infection
third level priority - Answers - - important to the patients health but can be addressed
after more health problems are addressed
- lack of knowledge, activity, rest, family coping
Activities of Daily Living - Answers - ADL
- bathing/ showering
- toileting/toilet hygiene
- eating/swallowing
- feeding
, - functional mobility
- sexual activity
- personal device care
- personal hygiene and grooming
Diagnostic Reasoning - Answers - - The process of analyzing health data and drawing
conclusions to identify diagnoses.
Cues - Answers - - a piece of information
- a sign, symptom or a piece of laboratory data.
Diagnostic Hypothesis - Answers - -tentative explanation for a cue
- a set of cues that can be used as a basis for further investigation.
cultural competence - Answers - - knowledge, skills, attitudes or personal attributes
nurses shows to the client to maximize respectful relationships with diverse populations
of clients and co-workers.
Cultural Safety - Answers - - both the process and the outcome whose goal is to
promote greater equity for everyone.
Behavioural Model - Answers - - Moves health beyond treating disease by including
primary and secondary preventions in order to change behaviours and lifestyle.
- ex, quitting smoking, eating nutritious food
Biomedical Model - Answers - - the strongest model of health in the Canadian health
care system.
- health is viewed as the absence of disease
- focus is on diagnosis and treatment or curing the disease
Critical Thinking - Answers - - a multidimensional process by which nurses learn to
assess and modify diagnoses and treatments before acting if indicated.
Diagnostic Reasoning - Answers - - A method of collecting and analyzing clinical
information with the following components:
1. attending to initial cues
2. formulating diagnostic hypothesis
3. gathering data from the diagnostic hypothesis
4. evaluating hypothesis with the new collected data to make a final diagnosis
health promotion - Answers - - a comprehensive social and political process of enabling
people to increase control over the determinants of health and therefore improve their
health
Medical Diagnosis - Answers - - focus on the function or malfunction of a specific organ
system
