PUBH 6007 VERIFIED STUDY GUIDE
Age patterned exposures - Answers - The pathways that individuals follow throughout
the life course, which historical events can alter and social institutions can structure
sensitive period - Answers - Certain events have a more profound effect on health when
they are experienced during specific developmental stages. Outside of this period, the
effect is much weaker.
linked lives - Answers - Events that affect one person also affect other persons in their
network. Thus, individuals are interdependent.
latency period - Answers - The period between exposure and disease appearance
stress proliferation - Answers - Exposure to a single stressor may lead to additional
secondary stressors
period effect - Answers - Historical events and social change affect individuals' life
course trajectories or pathways, but the effect is relatively uniform across birth cohorts
cohort effect - Answers - historical changes may have put more recent generations at
higher risk for depression than previous generations
Older age, increased mortality, lower socieoeconomic status, cognitive decline, and
unsupportive childhood and adult relationship - Answers - Higher allostatic load scores
are associated with
Blacks experience early health deterioration as a consequence of the cumulative impact
of repeated experience with social or economic adversity and political marginalization -
Answers - Gernonimus hyphotesis?
precontemplation stage - Answers - Martinasek, people are not thinking about cange
and do not intend to quit smoking within the next 6 months
contemplation stage - Answers - Martinasek, individuals are weighting the pros and
cons of changing and consider smoking cessation within the next 6 months
Preparation stage - Answers - Martinasek, people are already making small changes
and decided to quit smoking within the next 30 days
Action stage - Answers - Martinasek, People change their behavior and quit smoking,
but for less than 6 months and in the
maintenance stage - Answers - Martinasek, people maintained smoking cessation for
more than 6 months
, RE-AIM framework - Answers - first developed to help make research findings more
generalizable by encouraging scientists and evaluators to balance internal and external
validity when developing and testing interventions
RE AIM Goals - Answers - The goal was to produce programs and policies with a higher
likelihood for uptake and sustainability in typical community or clinical settings.
RE-AIM: Reach - Answers - • Participation rate among those approached
• Representativeness of participants
RE-AIM: Efficacy - Answers - • Importance of assessing both positive and negative
consequences of programs
• Critical not only to determine benefits but also to be certain that harm does not
outweigh benefits
• The need to include behavioral, quality of life, and participant satisfaction outcomes as
well as physiological endpoints
• Behavioral outcomes should be assessed for participants, staff, and payers and
purchasers who support intervention
RE-AIM: Adoption - Answers - • Proportion and representatives of settings or programs
• There are common temporal patterns in the type and percentage of settings that will
adopt an innovative change
• Typically, assessed by direct observation or structured interviews or surveys
RE-AIM: Implementation - Answers - • Extent to which a program is delivered as
intended
• Efficacy x Implementation = Effectiveness
• Individual level: measure of participant follow-through or "adherence" to regimens are
necessary for interpreting study outcomes
• Setting level: The extent to which staff members deliver the intervention as intended is
important
• Implementation research is crucial in determining which set of interventions may be
practical enough to be effective in representative settings
RE-AIM: Maintenance - Answers - • Long-term maintenance of behavior change
• Extent to which innovations become a relatively stable, enduring part of the behavioral
repertoire of an individual (or organization or community)
• Extent to which a health promotion practice or policy becomes routine and part of the
everyday culture and norms of an organization
• R- Not including a relevant, high risk sample
• E- Not thoroughly understanding outcomes or how they come about
• A- Program only conducts studies in high functioning optimal settings
• I-Protocols not delivered as intended (Type III error)
Age patterned exposures - Answers - The pathways that individuals follow throughout
the life course, which historical events can alter and social institutions can structure
sensitive period - Answers - Certain events have a more profound effect on health when
they are experienced during specific developmental stages. Outside of this period, the
effect is much weaker.
linked lives - Answers - Events that affect one person also affect other persons in their
network. Thus, individuals are interdependent.
latency period - Answers - The period between exposure and disease appearance
stress proliferation - Answers - Exposure to a single stressor may lead to additional
secondary stressors
period effect - Answers - Historical events and social change affect individuals' life
course trajectories or pathways, but the effect is relatively uniform across birth cohorts
cohort effect - Answers - historical changes may have put more recent generations at
higher risk for depression than previous generations
Older age, increased mortality, lower socieoeconomic status, cognitive decline, and
unsupportive childhood and adult relationship - Answers - Higher allostatic load scores
are associated with
Blacks experience early health deterioration as a consequence of the cumulative impact
of repeated experience with social or economic adversity and political marginalization -
Answers - Gernonimus hyphotesis?
precontemplation stage - Answers - Martinasek, people are not thinking about cange
and do not intend to quit smoking within the next 6 months
contemplation stage - Answers - Martinasek, individuals are weighting the pros and
cons of changing and consider smoking cessation within the next 6 months
Preparation stage - Answers - Martinasek, people are already making small changes
and decided to quit smoking within the next 30 days
Action stage - Answers - Martinasek, People change their behavior and quit smoking,
but for less than 6 months and in the
maintenance stage - Answers - Martinasek, people maintained smoking cessation for
more than 6 months
, RE-AIM framework - Answers - first developed to help make research findings more
generalizable by encouraging scientists and evaluators to balance internal and external
validity when developing and testing interventions
RE AIM Goals - Answers - The goal was to produce programs and policies with a higher
likelihood for uptake and sustainability in typical community or clinical settings.
RE-AIM: Reach - Answers - • Participation rate among those approached
• Representativeness of participants
RE-AIM: Efficacy - Answers - • Importance of assessing both positive and negative
consequences of programs
• Critical not only to determine benefits but also to be certain that harm does not
outweigh benefits
• The need to include behavioral, quality of life, and participant satisfaction outcomes as
well as physiological endpoints
• Behavioral outcomes should be assessed for participants, staff, and payers and
purchasers who support intervention
RE-AIM: Adoption - Answers - • Proportion and representatives of settings or programs
• There are common temporal patterns in the type and percentage of settings that will
adopt an innovative change
• Typically, assessed by direct observation or structured interviews or surveys
RE-AIM: Implementation - Answers - • Extent to which a program is delivered as
intended
• Efficacy x Implementation = Effectiveness
• Individual level: measure of participant follow-through or "adherence" to regimens are
necessary for interpreting study outcomes
• Setting level: The extent to which staff members deliver the intervention as intended is
important
• Implementation research is crucial in determining which set of interventions may be
practical enough to be effective in representative settings
RE-AIM: Maintenance - Answers - • Long-term maintenance of behavior change
• Extent to which innovations become a relatively stable, enduring part of the behavioral
repertoire of an individual (or organization or community)
• Extent to which a health promotion practice or policy becomes routine and part of the
everyday culture and norms of an organization
• R- Not including a relevant, high risk sample
• E- Not thoroughly understanding outcomes or how they come about
• A- Program only conducts studies in high functioning optimal settings
• I-Protocols not delivered as intended (Type III error)
