NURS 2030 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM REVIEW
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026
> steps in implementing EBP? Answer:Step 1: ask a question about a
clinical area of interest or an intervention
Step 2: collect the most relevant and best evidence
Step 3: Critically appraise the evidence
Step 4: integrate the evidence w/ clinical expertise, patient preferences,
and values in making a decision to change
Step 5: evaluate the practice decision or change
> human dimensions that compose the whole person? Answer:physical,
intellectual, environmental, spiritual, sociocultural, and emotional
> acute illness? Answer:rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a short
time; examples: cold, diarrhea, pneumonia, appendicitis
> chronic illness? Answer:slow onset, characteristics: permanent change,
caused by change in anatomy, requires special patient education, long
period of care or support; examples: heart disease, diabetes, lung
diseases, and arthritis
> stages-of-illness behaviors? Answer:Stage 1: experiencing symptoms
Stage 2: assuming the sick role
Stage 3: assuming a dependent role
Stage 4: achieving recovery and rehabilitation
> primary health promotion? Answer:directed towards PROMOTING health
and PREVENTING the development of disease processes or injury;
example: immunization clinic, family planning services, accident prevention
education
> secondary health promotion? Answer:focus on SCREENING for early
detection of disease with prompt diagnosis and treatment of any found;
,example: assessing children for normal growth and development and
encourage regular medical, dental and vision exams
> tertiary health promotion? Answer:after an illness is diagnosed and
treated;
example: teaching a patient with diabetes how to recognize and prevent
complications, refer woman to support group after removal of breast due to
cancer
> maslow hierarchy of needs? Answer:provides a framework for nursing
assessment and for understanding the needs of patients at all levels; many
nursing interventions are aimed at meeting patients' basic human needs
> Maslows level 1: physiologic needs? Answer:oxygen, food, water, sex,
rest, physical activity; physiologic needs are highest priority
> Maslows level 2: safety and security needs? Answer:both physical and
emotional components; being protected from potential or actual harm
> Maslows level 3: love and belonging needs? Answer:often called higher-
level needs; understanding and acceptance of others in both giving and
receiving love; feeling of belonging; unmet needs produce loneliness and
isolation
> Maslows level 4: self-esteem needs? Answer:need for a person to feel
good about oneself, to feel pride and a sense of accomplishment, and to
believe that others also respect and appreciate those accomplishments;
positive self-esteem facilitates the person's confidence and independence
> Maslows level 5: Self-Actualization? Answer:acceptance of self and
others as they are; each lower level must be met; focus of interest on
problems outside oneself; respect for all people; focus on strengths and
possibilities vs problems
> autonomy? Answer:respect rights of patients to make health care
decisions
> nonmaleficence? Answer:avoid causing harm
, > beneficence? Answer:benefit the patient; balance benefits against risks
and harms
> nurse practice acts? Answer:each state has its own; protects public with
legal scope of nursing practice
> standards? Answer:used as guidelines for peer review (ANA)
> establishing an effective nurse-patient relationship? Answer:-reduce
anxiety through therapeutic communication, teaching, and acceptance
-remember that the patient has concerns and needs other medical ones
-communicate with the patient as an individual
-take time to learn about the patient being admitted
-provide for the family participation in all aspects of care
> when does discharge planning start?? Answer:as soon as the patient
comes in the door
> oral temperature for healthy adult? Answer:37.0 C, 98.6 F
> pulse rate for healthy adult? Answer:60-100 (80 average)
> respirations for healthy adult? Answer:12 to 20 breaths/min
> average blood pressure for healthy adult? Answer:120/80
> intermittent fever? Answer:temperature returns to normal at least once
every 24 hours
> remittent fever? Answer:temperature does not return to normal and
fluctuates a few degrees up and down
> sustained or continuous fever? Answer:temp remains above normal with
minimal variations
> relapsing or recurrent fever? Answer:temp returns to normal for one or
more days with one or more episodes of fever, each as long as several
days
> rectal temp? Answer:37.5 C, 99.5 F
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026
> steps in implementing EBP? Answer:Step 1: ask a question about a
clinical area of interest or an intervention
Step 2: collect the most relevant and best evidence
Step 3: Critically appraise the evidence
Step 4: integrate the evidence w/ clinical expertise, patient preferences,
and values in making a decision to change
Step 5: evaluate the practice decision or change
> human dimensions that compose the whole person? Answer:physical,
intellectual, environmental, spiritual, sociocultural, and emotional
> acute illness? Answer:rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a short
time; examples: cold, diarrhea, pneumonia, appendicitis
> chronic illness? Answer:slow onset, characteristics: permanent change,
caused by change in anatomy, requires special patient education, long
period of care or support; examples: heart disease, diabetes, lung
diseases, and arthritis
> stages-of-illness behaviors? Answer:Stage 1: experiencing symptoms
Stage 2: assuming the sick role
Stage 3: assuming a dependent role
Stage 4: achieving recovery and rehabilitation
> primary health promotion? Answer:directed towards PROMOTING health
and PREVENTING the development of disease processes or injury;
example: immunization clinic, family planning services, accident prevention
education
> secondary health promotion? Answer:focus on SCREENING for early
detection of disease with prompt diagnosis and treatment of any found;
,example: assessing children for normal growth and development and
encourage regular medical, dental and vision exams
> tertiary health promotion? Answer:after an illness is diagnosed and
treated;
example: teaching a patient with diabetes how to recognize and prevent
complications, refer woman to support group after removal of breast due to
cancer
> maslow hierarchy of needs? Answer:provides a framework for nursing
assessment and for understanding the needs of patients at all levels; many
nursing interventions are aimed at meeting patients' basic human needs
> Maslows level 1: physiologic needs? Answer:oxygen, food, water, sex,
rest, physical activity; physiologic needs are highest priority
> Maslows level 2: safety and security needs? Answer:both physical and
emotional components; being protected from potential or actual harm
> Maslows level 3: love and belonging needs? Answer:often called higher-
level needs; understanding and acceptance of others in both giving and
receiving love; feeling of belonging; unmet needs produce loneliness and
isolation
> Maslows level 4: self-esteem needs? Answer:need for a person to feel
good about oneself, to feel pride and a sense of accomplishment, and to
believe that others also respect and appreciate those accomplishments;
positive self-esteem facilitates the person's confidence and independence
> Maslows level 5: Self-Actualization? Answer:acceptance of self and
others as they are; each lower level must be met; focus of interest on
problems outside oneself; respect for all people; focus on strengths and
possibilities vs problems
> autonomy? Answer:respect rights of patients to make health care
decisions
> nonmaleficence? Answer:avoid causing harm
, > beneficence? Answer:benefit the patient; balance benefits against risks
and harms
> nurse practice acts? Answer:each state has its own; protects public with
legal scope of nursing practice
> standards? Answer:used as guidelines for peer review (ANA)
> establishing an effective nurse-patient relationship? Answer:-reduce
anxiety through therapeutic communication, teaching, and acceptance
-remember that the patient has concerns and needs other medical ones
-communicate with the patient as an individual
-take time to learn about the patient being admitted
-provide for the family participation in all aspects of care
> when does discharge planning start?? Answer:as soon as the patient
comes in the door
> oral temperature for healthy adult? Answer:37.0 C, 98.6 F
> pulse rate for healthy adult? Answer:60-100 (80 average)
> respirations for healthy adult? Answer:12 to 20 breaths/min
> average blood pressure for healthy adult? Answer:120/80
> intermittent fever? Answer:temperature returns to normal at least once
every 24 hours
> remittent fever? Answer:temperature does not return to normal and
fluctuates a few degrees up and down
> sustained or continuous fever? Answer:temp remains above normal with
minimal variations
> relapsing or recurrent fever? Answer:temp returns to normal for one or
more days with one or more episodes of fever, each as long as several
days
> rectal temp? Answer:37.5 C, 99.5 F
