MECHATRONICS LATEST 2026 EXAM MANUAL QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔An op-amp is connected in a comparator configuration, as shown below. The
positive power supply is V+= 3.3V and the negative power supply is V-= -3.3V. If V1 =
2V and V2 = 0V, what is the output of the op-amp? - ✔✔-3.3V
✔✔A sensor gives an analog output range of 12V. How many bits are needed for an
ADC if there is to be a resolution of at least 20 mV? - ✔✔10
✔✔A sensor, for an input of 4 V, gives a digital output of a word of 8 bits. The resolution
is: - ✔✔4/2^8 V
✔✔Which of the following binary words represents the decimal number 189? -
✔✔10111101
✔✔A multiplexer: - ✔✔Is a circuit that is able to have inputs of data from a number of
sources and then, by selecting an input channel, give an output from just one of them
✔✔The 5-bit binary number "10010" is what in decimal? - ✔✔18
✔✔The decimal system is a: - ✔✔base-10 system
✔✔The acronym DAQ stands for: - ✔✔Data acquisition
✔✔Which of the following statements is not true about the Nyquist frequency? - ✔✔It
rebuilds the signal capturing both the frequency and amplitude components.
✔✔The "quantization error" in a ADC comes from: - ✔✔step like nature of digitizing
analog signal
✔✔To rebuild a sinusoidal signal, accurate in both frequency and amplitude, what is the
minimum sampling required? - ✔✔The Nyquist frequency + 1, or ½ of the sampling
frequency fs + 1 sample
✔✔A decrease in Ki will cause a ____________ in the settling time. - ✔✔decrease
✔✔What type of control would you add to eliminate the steady-state error of an open-
loop response? - ✔✔integral control
✔✔A derivative control (Kd) will have the effect of: - ✔✔Increasing the stability of the
system.
Reducing the overshoot.
, Improving the transient response.
✔✔Which of the following is not true for PID controllers? - ✔✔A mathematical model of
the plant needs to be known.
✔✔A PID controller stands for: - ✔✔Proportional + Integral + Derivative Control
✔✔Which of the following is untrue in regards to a bang-bang controller? - ✔✔They
have the unique ability to return the controlled variable back to the exact set point
following a disturbance.
✔✔The Ziegler and Nichols rules can be used: - ✔✔Regardless if mathematical models
of plants are known.
✔✔For a rational polynomial transfer function, the poles of the transfer function are: -
✔✔Where the system is unstable and can be found by solving for the roots of the
denominator polynomial of the transfer function.
✔✔What is the time-series output of proportional plus derivative controller? - ✔✔cpd/e =
kp + kds
✔✔An increase in Kd will cause a ____________ in the overshoot. - ✔✔decrease
✔✔compound gear train consists of a 12-tooth driver that rotates at 250 rev/min. The
driver turns a 60-tooth gear on a shaft. On the same shaft (as the second wheel) is a
12-tooth wheel. This meshes with a fourth wheel, the driven gear. How many teeth this
driven gear must have in order to rotate at 10 rev/min? - ✔✔60
✔✔Four links are connected as indicated in the following figure: With the relative link
lengths shown, decide if the following statements are true or false:
(i) When link 4 rotates in a circular path, link 1 rotates in a circular path.
(ii) If link 4 is made the same length as link 1 then when link 4 rotates, link 1 can only
oscillate back-and-forth and not completely rotate. - ✔✔f f
✔✔Which of the following belts can be used in reversing drives? - ✔✔round
✔✔In the quick-return mechanism the time taken for travel in return stroke is
..................... forward stroke. - ✔✔less than
✔✔A ball bearing is required to withstand both radial loads and axial loads. The
optimum bearing from the following is: - ✔✔angular contact
✔✔A compound gear train consists of the final driven wheel with 15 teeth which meshes
with a second wheel with 90 teeth. On the same shaft as the second wheel is a wheel
AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔An op-amp is connected in a comparator configuration, as shown below. The
positive power supply is V+= 3.3V and the negative power supply is V-= -3.3V. If V1 =
2V and V2 = 0V, what is the output of the op-amp? - ✔✔-3.3V
✔✔A sensor gives an analog output range of 12V. How many bits are needed for an
ADC if there is to be a resolution of at least 20 mV? - ✔✔10
✔✔A sensor, for an input of 4 V, gives a digital output of a word of 8 bits. The resolution
is: - ✔✔4/2^8 V
✔✔Which of the following binary words represents the decimal number 189? -
✔✔10111101
✔✔A multiplexer: - ✔✔Is a circuit that is able to have inputs of data from a number of
sources and then, by selecting an input channel, give an output from just one of them
✔✔The 5-bit binary number "10010" is what in decimal? - ✔✔18
✔✔The decimal system is a: - ✔✔base-10 system
✔✔The acronym DAQ stands for: - ✔✔Data acquisition
✔✔Which of the following statements is not true about the Nyquist frequency? - ✔✔It
rebuilds the signal capturing both the frequency and amplitude components.
✔✔The "quantization error" in a ADC comes from: - ✔✔step like nature of digitizing
analog signal
✔✔To rebuild a sinusoidal signal, accurate in both frequency and amplitude, what is the
minimum sampling required? - ✔✔The Nyquist frequency + 1, or ½ of the sampling
frequency fs + 1 sample
✔✔A decrease in Ki will cause a ____________ in the settling time. - ✔✔decrease
✔✔What type of control would you add to eliminate the steady-state error of an open-
loop response? - ✔✔integral control
✔✔A derivative control (Kd) will have the effect of: - ✔✔Increasing the stability of the
system.
Reducing the overshoot.
, Improving the transient response.
✔✔Which of the following is not true for PID controllers? - ✔✔A mathematical model of
the plant needs to be known.
✔✔A PID controller stands for: - ✔✔Proportional + Integral + Derivative Control
✔✔Which of the following is untrue in regards to a bang-bang controller? - ✔✔They
have the unique ability to return the controlled variable back to the exact set point
following a disturbance.
✔✔The Ziegler and Nichols rules can be used: - ✔✔Regardless if mathematical models
of plants are known.
✔✔For a rational polynomial transfer function, the poles of the transfer function are: -
✔✔Where the system is unstable and can be found by solving for the roots of the
denominator polynomial of the transfer function.
✔✔What is the time-series output of proportional plus derivative controller? - ✔✔cpd/e =
kp + kds
✔✔An increase in Kd will cause a ____________ in the overshoot. - ✔✔decrease
✔✔compound gear train consists of a 12-tooth driver that rotates at 250 rev/min. The
driver turns a 60-tooth gear on a shaft. On the same shaft (as the second wheel) is a
12-tooth wheel. This meshes with a fourth wheel, the driven gear. How many teeth this
driven gear must have in order to rotate at 10 rev/min? - ✔✔60
✔✔Four links are connected as indicated in the following figure: With the relative link
lengths shown, decide if the following statements are true or false:
(i) When link 4 rotates in a circular path, link 1 rotates in a circular path.
(ii) If link 4 is made the same length as link 1 then when link 4 rotates, link 1 can only
oscillate back-and-forth and not completely rotate. - ✔✔f f
✔✔Which of the following belts can be used in reversing drives? - ✔✔round
✔✔In the quick-return mechanism the time taken for travel in return stroke is
..................... forward stroke. - ✔✔less than
✔✔A ball bearing is required to withstand both radial loads and axial loads. The
optimum bearing from the following is: - ✔✔angular contact
✔✔A compound gear train consists of the final driven wheel with 15 teeth which meshes
with a second wheel with 90 teeth. On the same shaft as the second wheel is a wheel
