PROSTHETIC ASSISTANT UPDATED FINAL PAPER
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS MARKED A+
✔✔Possible causes of posterior trunk bending with orthotic use - ✔✔- inadequate hip
lock
- weak gluteus maximus
- knee ankylosis
✔✔Possible causes of hyperextended knee with orthotic use - ✔✔- inadequate
plantarflexion stop
- inadequate knee lock
- poor fit of calf band
- weak quadriceps
- loose knee ligaments or extensor spasticity
- pes equinus
✔✔Possible causes of knee instability with orthotic use - ✔✔- inadequate dorsiflexion
stop
- inadequate knee lock
- knee and/or hip flexion contracture
- weak quads or insufficient knee lock
- knee pain
✔✔Possible causes of foot slap with orthotic use - ✔✔- inadequate dorsiflexors assist
- inadequate equate plantarflexor stop
- weak dorsiflexors
✔✔Possible causes of toes first with orthotic use - ✔✔- inadequate dorsiflexor assist
- inadequate heel lift
- heel pain
- extensor spasticity
- pes equinus
- short leg
✔✔Possible causes of flat foot with orthotic use - ✔✔- inadequate longitudinal arch
support
- pes planus
✔✔Possible causes of pronation with orthotic use - ✔✔- transverse plan malalignment
- weak invertors
- pes valgus
- spasticity
- genu valgum
✔✔Possible causes of supination with orthotic use - ✔✔- transverse plan malalignment
, - weak evertors
- pes varus
- genu varum
✔✔Possible causes of excessive stance width with orthotic use - ✔✔- KAFO height of
medial upright too high
- HKAFO hip joint aligned in excessive abduction
- knee is locked
- abduction contracture
- poor balance
- sound limb is too short
✔✔Different types of foot-ankle assembly on transtibial prosthesis (BKA) - ✔✔- Solid
ankle cushion heel (SACH) foot
- single axis foot
- multi-axis foot
- energy storing foot
- energy storing foot
- microprocessor foot
✔✔Describe solid ankle cushion heel (SACH) foot [foot-ankle assembly] - ✔✔- non-
articulating
- energy absorbing suction heel with wooden keel
- limits sagittal plant motion
- most commonly used
✔✔Describe single axis foot [foot-ankle assembly] - ✔✔- articulated foot with lower
shank
- limit dorsiflexion and plantarflexion
✔✔Describe multi-axis foot [foot-ankle assembly] - ✔✔- articulated foot with lower
shank
- allows plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, inversion, and eversion to conform to uneven
surface
- for medium to highly active individual
- poor shock absorption and energy return
✔✔Describe energy storing foot [foot-ankle assembly] - ✔✔- dynamic foot for
active/community ambulatory
- leaf spring shank
- decreased energy consumption
✔✔Describe microprocessor foot [foot-ankle assembly] - ✔✔- microcomputer control of
dorsiflexion and plantarflexion based on position of the foot
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS MARKED A+
✔✔Possible causes of posterior trunk bending with orthotic use - ✔✔- inadequate hip
lock
- weak gluteus maximus
- knee ankylosis
✔✔Possible causes of hyperextended knee with orthotic use - ✔✔- inadequate
plantarflexion stop
- inadequate knee lock
- poor fit of calf band
- weak quadriceps
- loose knee ligaments or extensor spasticity
- pes equinus
✔✔Possible causes of knee instability with orthotic use - ✔✔- inadequate dorsiflexion
stop
- inadequate knee lock
- knee and/or hip flexion contracture
- weak quads or insufficient knee lock
- knee pain
✔✔Possible causes of foot slap with orthotic use - ✔✔- inadequate dorsiflexors assist
- inadequate equate plantarflexor stop
- weak dorsiflexors
✔✔Possible causes of toes first with orthotic use - ✔✔- inadequate dorsiflexor assist
- inadequate heel lift
- heel pain
- extensor spasticity
- pes equinus
- short leg
✔✔Possible causes of flat foot with orthotic use - ✔✔- inadequate longitudinal arch
support
- pes planus
✔✔Possible causes of pronation with orthotic use - ✔✔- transverse plan malalignment
- weak invertors
- pes valgus
- spasticity
- genu valgum
✔✔Possible causes of supination with orthotic use - ✔✔- transverse plan malalignment
, - weak evertors
- pes varus
- genu varum
✔✔Possible causes of excessive stance width with orthotic use - ✔✔- KAFO height of
medial upright too high
- HKAFO hip joint aligned in excessive abduction
- knee is locked
- abduction contracture
- poor balance
- sound limb is too short
✔✔Different types of foot-ankle assembly on transtibial prosthesis (BKA) - ✔✔- Solid
ankle cushion heel (SACH) foot
- single axis foot
- multi-axis foot
- energy storing foot
- energy storing foot
- microprocessor foot
✔✔Describe solid ankle cushion heel (SACH) foot [foot-ankle assembly] - ✔✔- non-
articulating
- energy absorbing suction heel with wooden keel
- limits sagittal plant motion
- most commonly used
✔✔Describe single axis foot [foot-ankle assembly] - ✔✔- articulated foot with lower
shank
- limit dorsiflexion and plantarflexion
✔✔Describe multi-axis foot [foot-ankle assembly] - ✔✔- articulated foot with lower
shank
- allows plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, inversion, and eversion to conform to uneven
surface
- for medium to highly active individual
- poor shock absorption and energy return
✔✔Describe energy storing foot [foot-ankle assembly] - ✔✔- dynamic foot for
active/community ambulatory
- leaf spring shank
- decreased energy consumption
✔✔Describe microprocessor foot [foot-ankle assembly] - ✔✔- microcomputer control of
dorsiflexion and plantarflexion based on position of the foot
