BSC 2005 Final Exam Study Guide –
Comprehensive Review of Core
Biology Concepts, Systems, Genetics,
Ecology & Exam Prep (Complete 2026
Edition)
Domain-Kingdom-Phylum-Cards-Order-Family-Genus-Species
Dumb Kings Play Cards On French Girls' Stomachs
Cells
Smallest unit of life and basic living structure for living organisms
Tissue
A group of similar cells that perform a particular function
Organ
Several tissues joined together
Organelles-Organ Systems-Organs-Tissues-Cells-Molecules-Atoms
Organism Hierarchy
Systematics
The scientific discipline of identifying and classifying organisms
Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya
The Three Domains
Taxonomy
The assignment of a binomial to each species
Binomial
Genus name, species name
Eukaryotes
Have a cell nucleus; structurally complex
Prokaryotes
DON'T have a cell nucleus; structurally simple
Chloroplasts
Solar energy used to synthesize carbohydrates
Mitochondria
The breakdown of carbohydrates to produce energy (ATP)
Covalent Bond
Shared electrons
Lysosoms and Centrioles
What is not found in plant cells?
Carbohydrates and oxygen
What are the products of solar energy + carbon dioxide + water?
Cellular Respiration
All organisms convert chemical energy to ATP, energy for cells
, Endosymbiotic Theory
That mitochondria and chloroplasts are derived from prokaryotes
Homeostasis
The steady internal enviroment
Peripheral Proteins
Associated on only one side
Integral Protein
Covers the whole membrane
Ionic Bond
Attraction between negative and positive charged ions
Concentration Gradient
More of a substance on one side of the membrane
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from an area of higher to lower concentration
Osmosis
Diffusion of water
Isotonic Solution
The solute (solid) is equal inside and outside the cell [no net gain or loss of water]
Hypotonic Solution
A solution has a lower solute concentration than the inside of a cell [cells gain water];
Hypo= Less
Hypertonic Solution
A solution has a higher solute concentration than the inside of a cell [cell loses water];
Hyper= More
Microbiology
Study of microbes
Plasma Membrane
All cells are surrounded by a?
Organelle
Any well-defined subcellular structures that perform a particular function
Cell theory
All organisms are made up of basic living units called cells, and that all cells come only
from previously existing cells; basic theory of biology
Cellular respiration
[How cells make ATP] The release of energy from molecules (like glucose) to use this
energy to synthesize ATP molecules
Cellular Metabolism
The set of chemical reactions that occur in living organisms in order to maintain life
Mitochondria
What cell organelle does cellular respiration take place?
Law of Conservation of Energy
1. Energy can't be destroyed or created 2. Energy can't be changed without loss of
usable energy
Entropy
The amount of disorganization
Protons
Comprehensive Review of Core
Biology Concepts, Systems, Genetics,
Ecology & Exam Prep (Complete 2026
Edition)
Domain-Kingdom-Phylum-Cards-Order-Family-Genus-Species
Dumb Kings Play Cards On French Girls' Stomachs
Cells
Smallest unit of life and basic living structure for living organisms
Tissue
A group of similar cells that perform a particular function
Organ
Several tissues joined together
Organelles-Organ Systems-Organs-Tissues-Cells-Molecules-Atoms
Organism Hierarchy
Systematics
The scientific discipline of identifying and classifying organisms
Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya
The Three Domains
Taxonomy
The assignment of a binomial to each species
Binomial
Genus name, species name
Eukaryotes
Have a cell nucleus; structurally complex
Prokaryotes
DON'T have a cell nucleus; structurally simple
Chloroplasts
Solar energy used to synthesize carbohydrates
Mitochondria
The breakdown of carbohydrates to produce energy (ATP)
Covalent Bond
Shared electrons
Lysosoms and Centrioles
What is not found in plant cells?
Carbohydrates and oxygen
What are the products of solar energy + carbon dioxide + water?
Cellular Respiration
All organisms convert chemical energy to ATP, energy for cells
, Endosymbiotic Theory
That mitochondria and chloroplasts are derived from prokaryotes
Homeostasis
The steady internal enviroment
Peripheral Proteins
Associated on only one side
Integral Protein
Covers the whole membrane
Ionic Bond
Attraction between negative and positive charged ions
Concentration Gradient
More of a substance on one side of the membrane
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from an area of higher to lower concentration
Osmosis
Diffusion of water
Isotonic Solution
The solute (solid) is equal inside and outside the cell [no net gain or loss of water]
Hypotonic Solution
A solution has a lower solute concentration than the inside of a cell [cells gain water];
Hypo= Less
Hypertonic Solution
A solution has a higher solute concentration than the inside of a cell [cell loses water];
Hyper= More
Microbiology
Study of microbes
Plasma Membrane
All cells are surrounded by a?
Organelle
Any well-defined subcellular structures that perform a particular function
Cell theory
All organisms are made up of basic living units called cells, and that all cells come only
from previously existing cells; basic theory of biology
Cellular respiration
[How cells make ATP] The release of energy from molecules (like glucose) to use this
energy to synthesize ATP molecules
Cellular Metabolism
The set of chemical reactions that occur in living organisms in order to maintain life
Mitochondria
What cell organelle does cellular respiration take place?
Law of Conservation of Energy
1. Energy can't be destroyed or created 2. Energy can't be changed without loss of
usable energy
Entropy
The amount of disorganization
Protons
