PNB 2265 FINAL QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ACCURATE ANSWERS
How much filtrate is reabsorbed by the kidney? - answers - 99%
Functions of the kidney - answers - excretion of wastes and foreign chemicals
Regulation of water and ions
Secretion of hormones
What does the blood enter the kidney from? - answers - large renal arteries from the
aorta enter the medial border
What makes up the renal cortex? - answers - the outer cortical region and the inner
juxtamedullary region which is near the medulla
Where is the renal pepillae located and what is it? - answers - renal medulla and it is the
tip or apex of the nephron pyramids
What filters into the renal pelvis? - answers - calyx
The osmotic gradient is working from where? - answers - outer cortex to the inner
medulla
What is filtered in bowman's capsule? - answers - blood plasma minus the proteins so
there are nutrients and ions in similar concentration to blood
List the order of the nephrons units - answers - bowmans capsule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of henle (descending then ascending)
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting ducts (cortical then papillary)
What delivers blood to the glomerular capillaries? - answers - afferent arteriole
Where do efferent arterioles carry blood to? - answers - away from the glomerular
capillaries to the peritubular capillaries
Peritubular capillaries - answers - around the proximal and distal tubules and are
absorbing the materials being reabsorbed from the tubules back into the body and
anything being secreted into the tubules are coming from these capillaries
Two types of nephrons - answers - cortical - short loops
Juxtamedullary - long
, Juxtamedullary nephrons - answers - role in urine concentrating mechanism,
Creates osmotic gradient,
Associated with the vasa recta
Where is the primary site of reabsorption - answers - proximal tubule
Concentration of the most dilute urine you can have? - answers - 100mosm
What is the renal corpuscle made of? What is it the site of - answers - glomerular
capillaries and bowman's capsule
Site of filtration
Basic renal processes - answers - bulk flow of protein-free plasma from glomerular
capillaries into nephron. Since filtrate is essentially the same as plasma (minus the
proteins), as fluid flows through the rest of the nephron, the processes of reabsorption
and secretion will alter the filtrate to form urine
Smooth muscle of bladder - answers - detrusor muscle
Transitional epithelium - answers - layered epithelium that is able to withstand stretch by
changing cell shape fom cube to flat
Amount excreted - answers - amount filtered + amount secreted - amount reabsorbed
How are proteins eliminated from the plasma? - answers - podocytes
Podocytes - answers - epithelial cells of bowmans capsule are slits that prevent the
passage of proteins into bowmans space
Forces favoring filtration - answers - glomerular capillary blood pressure
Capsular colloid osmotic pressure which is normally 0
Forces opposing filtration - answers - fluid pressure in bowmans space
Blood colloid osmotic pressure which is the osmotic force due to protein in plasma
Nfp = - answers - pgc - pbs - blood colloid osmotic pressure
Gfr - answers - glomerular filtration rate
Fluid filtered from glomeruli into bowmans capsule per unit time, normal is 7.5 liters/hr
Driving force of gfr - answers - blood pressure which uses no extra atp
Regulation of diameter of afferent and efferent arterioles - answers - vasoconstriction of
afferent decreases the glomerular capillary bp to decrease the gfr
Dilation of the afferent increases the glomerular capillary bp to increase gfr
ACCURATE ANSWERS
How much filtrate is reabsorbed by the kidney? - answers - 99%
Functions of the kidney - answers - excretion of wastes and foreign chemicals
Regulation of water and ions
Secretion of hormones
What does the blood enter the kidney from? - answers - large renal arteries from the
aorta enter the medial border
What makes up the renal cortex? - answers - the outer cortical region and the inner
juxtamedullary region which is near the medulla
Where is the renal pepillae located and what is it? - answers - renal medulla and it is the
tip or apex of the nephron pyramids
What filters into the renal pelvis? - answers - calyx
The osmotic gradient is working from where? - answers - outer cortex to the inner
medulla
What is filtered in bowman's capsule? - answers - blood plasma minus the proteins so
there are nutrients and ions in similar concentration to blood
List the order of the nephrons units - answers - bowmans capsule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of henle (descending then ascending)
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting ducts (cortical then papillary)
What delivers blood to the glomerular capillaries? - answers - afferent arteriole
Where do efferent arterioles carry blood to? - answers - away from the glomerular
capillaries to the peritubular capillaries
Peritubular capillaries - answers - around the proximal and distal tubules and are
absorbing the materials being reabsorbed from the tubules back into the body and
anything being secreted into the tubules are coming from these capillaries
Two types of nephrons - answers - cortical - short loops
Juxtamedullary - long
, Juxtamedullary nephrons - answers - role in urine concentrating mechanism,
Creates osmotic gradient,
Associated with the vasa recta
Where is the primary site of reabsorption - answers - proximal tubule
Concentration of the most dilute urine you can have? - answers - 100mosm
What is the renal corpuscle made of? What is it the site of - answers - glomerular
capillaries and bowman's capsule
Site of filtration
Basic renal processes - answers - bulk flow of protein-free plasma from glomerular
capillaries into nephron. Since filtrate is essentially the same as plasma (minus the
proteins), as fluid flows through the rest of the nephron, the processes of reabsorption
and secretion will alter the filtrate to form urine
Smooth muscle of bladder - answers - detrusor muscle
Transitional epithelium - answers - layered epithelium that is able to withstand stretch by
changing cell shape fom cube to flat
Amount excreted - answers - amount filtered + amount secreted - amount reabsorbed
How are proteins eliminated from the plasma? - answers - podocytes
Podocytes - answers - epithelial cells of bowmans capsule are slits that prevent the
passage of proteins into bowmans space
Forces favoring filtration - answers - glomerular capillary blood pressure
Capsular colloid osmotic pressure which is normally 0
Forces opposing filtration - answers - fluid pressure in bowmans space
Blood colloid osmotic pressure which is the osmotic force due to protein in plasma
Nfp = - answers - pgc - pbs - blood colloid osmotic pressure
Gfr - answers - glomerular filtration rate
Fluid filtered from glomeruli into bowmans capsule per unit time, normal is 7.5 liters/hr
Driving force of gfr - answers - blood pressure which uses no extra atp
Regulation of diameter of afferent and efferent arterioles - answers - vasoconstriction of
afferent decreases the glomerular capillary bp to decrease the gfr
Dilation of the afferent increases the glomerular capillary bp to increase gfr
