FLS MODULES QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Laproscopic-instruments-diameter-and-length-ranges---ans-✔✔2-10mm,-30-45cm
hopkins-rod-lens---ans-✔✔light-has-to-travel-back-through-the-rod-to-capture-the-image.
decreasing-light-in-the-camera-for...---ans-✔✔decreasing-diameter,-increasing-scope-
angle-(ie-5mm-and-30-degree-has-less-light-than-10mm-0-degree)
When-is-zero-degree-scope-most-useful---ans-✔✔when-working-in-a-small-area-directly-in-
line-with-the-scope-and-ports,-like-the-pelvis
how-to-check-fiber-optics-light-connection---ans-✔✔black-dots=-broken-fibers
why-does-it-fog-up?---ans-✔✔temperature-and-humidity-discrepancy-between-the-OR-
and-body
tools-for-defogging---ans-✔✔FRED-antifog-(must-dry-before-putting-back-in),-put-
laparoscope-in-hot-water
methods-to-clean-a-smudged-lens---ans-✔✔gently-wipe-on-clean-tissue-(liver,-uterus,-
bowel),-remove-scope-and-clean-with-hot-water-and-gauze
Insufflation-gas-type-and-reasoning---ans-✔✔CO2--readily-available,-inexpensive,-non-
combustable,-warmed-and-humidified-better
high-flow-insufflation---ans-✔✔10-or-more-L-per-minute
preventing-loss-of-pneumo-with-suctioning---ans-✔✔keep-suction-tip-below-the-fluid-level
most-common-light-source---ans-✔✔300W-xenon-lamp
Troubleshooting-steps:-gas-preOP---ans-✔✔1.-check-that-co2-tank-is-full-
2.-check-co2-tank-gasket-is-secured-
3.-check-that-spare-co2-tank-is-available-in-the-OR
troubleshooting-steps:-image---ans-✔✔1.-check-that-the-monitor-is-plugged-in-and-turned-
on-2.-check-that-all-cables-are-connected-securely
, troubleshooting-steps:-loss-of-working-space:-insufflator-settings:-measured-pressure-is-
the-same-or-higher-than-the-preset-pressure---ans-✔✔1.-the-patient-may-not-be-
adequately-relaxed-or-there-is-a-mechanical-block-of-gas-flow-
2.-inspect-abdomen-for-rhythmic-muscle-contraction-and-palpate-the-abdomen-for-
firmness-
3.-check-port-valves-to-make-sure-they-are-open-
4.-check-for-kinks-in-tubing-and-make-sure-no-one-is-standing-on-them
troubleshooting-steps:-loss-of-working-space:-insufflator-settings:-low-pressure-and-high-
flow-rate---ans-✔✔1.-there-is-a-leak-in-the-insufflation-circuit-
2.-check-that-the-tubing-has-not-become-disconnected-from-insufflator-or-port-
3.-check-that-all-valves-are-closed-
4.-check-all-port-sites-for-leaking-co2-
5.-check-for-foley-catheter-bag-distention-or-bowel-distention
troubleshooting-steps:-loss-of-working-space:-insufflator-settings:-low-pressure-and-no-
flow---ans-✔✔1.-make-sure-that-the-insufflator-power-is-on-
2.-check-gas-level-in-the-tank
troubleshooting-steps:-loss-of-working-space:-complete-loss-of-operative-image---ans-
✔✔1.-check-for-disconnected-power-cords,-video-cables
2.-check-for-blown-light-source-bulb
3.-check-for-disconnected-light-cable
Monopolar-electrosurgery-curcuit---ans-✔✔electrical-surgical-unit-->active-electrode--
>patient-tissue-->dispersive-electrode-(grounding-pad)
low-frequency-from-wall-source-to-high-frequency-at-active-electrode
monopolar:-tissue-coagulation---ans-✔✔occurs-as-a-result-of-tissue-heating-and-protein-
denaturation.
monopolar:-desiccation---ans-✔✔tissue-temp-rises--->water-is-evaporated-from-the-
tissue-->-increased-impedance--->-electricity-stops-flowing-because-of-increased-
resistance-->tissue-turns-brown,-bubbles-and-steams.-
Hemostasis-due-to-fibrous-binding-between-dehydrated,-denatured-cells-of-vessel-
endothelium
monopolar:-current-density---ans-✔✔amount-of-current-flowing-through-cross-sectional-
area.
directly-proportional-to-power,-inversely-related-to-tissue-resistance
ie-larger-the-area,-less-current-density
ANSWERS
Laproscopic-instruments-diameter-and-length-ranges---ans-✔✔2-10mm,-30-45cm
hopkins-rod-lens---ans-✔✔light-has-to-travel-back-through-the-rod-to-capture-the-image.
decreasing-light-in-the-camera-for...---ans-✔✔decreasing-diameter,-increasing-scope-
angle-(ie-5mm-and-30-degree-has-less-light-than-10mm-0-degree)
When-is-zero-degree-scope-most-useful---ans-✔✔when-working-in-a-small-area-directly-in-
line-with-the-scope-and-ports,-like-the-pelvis
how-to-check-fiber-optics-light-connection---ans-✔✔black-dots=-broken-fibers
why-does-it-fog-up?---ans-✔✔temperature-and-humidity-discrepancy-between-the-OR-
and-body
tools-for-defogging---ans-✔✔FRED-antifog-(must-dry-before-putting-back-in),-put-
laparoscope-in-hot-water
methods-to-clean-a-smudged-lens---ans-✔✔gently-wipe-on-clean-tissue-(liver,-uterus,-
bowel),-remove-scope-and-clean-with-hot-water-and-gauze
Insufflation-gas-type-and-reasoning---ans-✔✔CO2--readily-available,-inexpensive,-non-
combustable,-warmed-and-humidified-better
high-flow-insufflation---ans-✔✔10-or-more-L-per-minute
preventing-loss-of-pneumo-with-suctioning---ans-✔✔keep-suction-tip-below-the-fluid-level
most-common-light-source---ans-✔✔300W-xenon-lamp
Troubleshooting-steps:-gas-preOP---ans-✔✔1.-check-that-co2-tank-is-full-
2.-check-co2-tank-gasket-is-secured-
3.-check-that-spare-co2-tank-is-available-in-the-OR
troubleshooting-steps:-image---ans-✔✔1.-check-that-the-monitor-is-plugged-in-and-turned-
on-2.-check-that-all-cables-are-connected-securely
, troubleshooting-steps:-loss-of-working-space:-insufflator-settings:-measured-pressure-is-
the-same-or-higher-than-the-preset-pressure---ans-✔✔1.-the-patient-may-not-be-
adequately-relaxed-or-there-is-a-mechanical-block-of-gas-flow-
2.-inspect-abdomen-for-rhythmic-muscle-contraction-and-palpate-the-abdomen-for-
firmness-
3.-check-port-valves-to-make-sure-they-are-open-
4.-check-for-kinks-in-tubing-and-make-sure-no-one-is-standing-on-them
troubleshooting-steps:-loss-of-working-space:-insufflator-settings:-low-pressure-and-high-
flow-rate---ans-✔✔1.-there-is-a-leak-in-the-insufflation-circuit-
2.-check-that-the-tubing-has-not-become-disconnected-from-insufflator-or-port-
3.-check-that-all-valves-are-closed-
4.-check-all-port-sites-for-leaking-co2-
5.-check-for-foley-catheter-bag-distention-or-bowel-distention
troubleshooting-steps:-loss-of-working-space:-insufflator-settings:-low-pressure-and-no-
flow---ans-✔✔1.-make-sure-that-the-insufflator-power-is-on-
2.-check-gas-level-in-the-tank
troubleshooting-steps:-loss-of-working-space:-complete-loss-of-operative-image---ans-
✔✔1.-check-for-disconnected-power-cords,-video-cables
2.-check-for-blown-light-source-bulb
3.-check-for-disconnected-light-cable
Monopolar-electrosurgery-curcuit---ans-✔✔electrical-surgical-unit-->active-electrode--
>patient-tissue-->dispersive-electrode-(grounding-pad)
low-frequency-from-wall-source-to-high-frequency-at-active-electrode
monopolar:-tissue-coagulation---ans-✔✔occurs-as-a-result-of-tissue-heating-and-protein-
denaturation.
monopolar:-desiccation---ans-✔✔tissue-temp-rises--->water-is-evaporated-from-the-
tissue-->-increased-impedance--->-electricity-stops-flowing-because-of-increased-
resistance-->tissue-turns-brown,-bubbles-and-steams.-
Hemostasis-due-to-fibrous-binding-between-dehydrated,-denatured-cells-of-vessel-
endothelium
monopolar:-current-density---ans-✔✔amount-of-current-flowing-through-cross-sectional-
area.
directly-proportional-to-power,-inversely-related-to-tissue-resistance
ie-larger-the-area,-less-current-density
