PHARMACY FOUNDATIONS PART 1
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
(VERIFIED AND UPDATED)
ProDrug - ANS An inactive drug dosage form that is converted to an active metabolite by
various biochemical reactions once it is inside the body.
Propanolol - ANS non-selective beta blocker
most drugs are lipid-soluble - ANS nonpolar , uncharged
drugs have to be converted to a more water soluble form - ANS polar, charged in order to be
excreted out the urine
Albuterol - ANS Bronchodilator
Terbutaline - ANS beta 2 agonist
Metoprolol Tartrate - ANS Lopressor
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Metoprolol Succinate - ANS Toprol XL
Dobutamine (Dobutrex) - ANS Adrenergic agonist (catecholamine)
Beta-1
Used for HF
Can cause increased HR
adrenergic receptors - ANS receptor sites for the sympathetic neurotransmitters
norepinephrine and epinephrine
Dopamine (Intropin) - ANS Treatment for hypotension, shock, low cardiac output, poor
perfusion to vital organs; monitor EKG for arrythmias and monitor BP
Serotonin - ANS A neurotransmitter that affects hunger,sleep, arousal, and mood.
epinephrine (Adrenalin, EpiPen) - ANS *class*: adrenergic agonist, antiasthmatic,
bronchodilator, vasopressor
*Indication*: Asthma and COPD exacerbations, allergic reactions, cardiac arrest, anesthesia
adjunct
*Action*: Affects both beta1 and beta2 also has alpha agonist properties. Results in
bronchodilation, increases in HR and BP
Norepinephrine (Levophed) - ANS *class*: vasopressor
*Indication*: treatment of severe hypotension and shock
*Action*: increase blood pressure and cardiac output by stimulating alpha-adrenergic receptors
in the blood vessels, demonstrates minor beta activity
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Acetylcholine (ACh) - ANS A neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also
triggers muscle contraction
5 most common neurotransmitters are - ANS Dopamine, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine,
Serotonin, Acetylcholine
Yohimbine (Yobine) - ANS alpha 2 antagonist, erectile dysfunction
Alpha 1 receptors(peripheral: blood vessels) - ANS smooth muscle Vasoconstriction of
arterioles in skin, viscera, & mucous membranes and in veins.
Alpha 2 receptors(CENTRAL: brain) - ANS LESS release of NE and EPI
decrease in BP and HR
Beta 1 receptors(1 heart) - ANS increase heart rate and contractility , CO
Beta 2 receptors(2 lungs) - ANS dilates bronchi
relaxes uterine smooth muscle
skeletal muscle contraction
Ergot Alkaloids - ANS alpha 2 antagonist
helps migraines by narrowing blood vessels in the brain
cardio side effects
Clonidine (Catapres) - ANS alpha 2 agonist (central acting in the brain)
decreases the release of NE and Epi in the brain
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
(VERIFIED AND UPDATED)
ProDrug - ANS An inactive drug dosage form that is converted to an active metabolite by
various biochemical reactions once it is inside the body.
Propanolol - ANS non-selective beta blocker
most drugs are lipid-soluble - ANS nonpolar , uncharged
drugs have to be converted to a more water soluble form - ANS polar, charged in order to be
excreted out the urine
Albuterol - ANS Bronchodilator
Terbutaline - ANS beta 2 agonist
Metoprolol Tartrate - ANS Lopressor
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Metoprolol Succinate - ANS Toprol XL
Dobutamine (Dobutrex) - ANS Adrenergic agonist (catecholamine)
Beta-1
Used for HF
Can cause increased HR
adrenergic receptors - ANS receptor sites for the sympathetic neurotransmitters
norepinephrine and epinephrine
Dopamine (Intropin) - ANS Treatment for hypotension, shock, low cardiac output, poor
perfusion to vital organs; monitor EKG for arrythmias and monitor BP
Serotonin - ANS A neurotransmitter that affects hunger,sleep, arousal, and mood.
epinephrine (Adrenalin, EpiPen) - ANS *class*: adrenergic agonist, antiasthmatic,
bronchodilator, vasopressor
*Indication*: Asthma and COPD exacerbations, allergic reactions, cardiac arrest, anesthesia
adjunct
*Action*: Affects both beta1 and beta2 also has alpha agonist properties. Results in
bronchodilation, increases in HR and BP
Norepinephrine (Levophed) - ANS *class*: vasopressor
*Indication*: treatment of severe hypotension and shock
*Action*: increase blood pressure and cardiac output by stimulating alpha-adrenergic receptors
in the blood vessels, demonstrates minor beta activity
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Acetylcholine (ACh) - ANS A neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also
triggers muscle contraction
5 most common neurotransmitters are - ANS Dopamine, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine,
Serotonin, Acetylcholine
Yohimbine (Yobine) - ANS alpha 2 antagonist, erectile dysfunction
Alpha 1 receptors(peripheral: blood vessels) - ANS smooth muscle Vasoconstriction of
arterioles in skin, viscera, & mucous membranes and in veins.
Alpha 2 receptors(CENTRAL: brain) - ANS LESS release of NE and EPI
decrease in BP and HR
Beta 1 receptors(1 heart) - ANS increase heart rate and contractility , CO
Beta 2 receptors(2 lungs) - ANS dilates bronchi
relaxes uterine smooth muscle
skeletal muscle contraction
Ergot Alkaloids - ANS alpha 2 antagonist
helps migraines by narrowing blood vessels in the brain
cardio side effects
Clonidine (Catapres) - ANS alpha 2 agonist (central acting in the brain)
decreases the release of NE and Epi in the brain
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
