LPN FUNDAMENTALS OF
NURSING EXAM 1-6 FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Define sinus tachycardia
Regular rhythm, rate 100-180 beats/min (higher in infants)
When is the best time of the month to perform a self-breast examination?
4th to 7th day during menstrual cycle or days after cycle has ended.
Define total patient care
Rn is responsible for all aspects of care for one or more pts during a shift of care.
Care is usually consistent, comprehensive, and holistic, care can be delegated. Rn
works directly with pt, family and health care team members.
Define primary nursing
1 primary rn assumes responsibility for a caseload of patients, provides care for the
same pts during their stay in health care facility. Rn assesses pt, develops plan of
care and delivers appropriate nursing intervention. Communication is lateral from
nurse to nurse and caregiver to caregiver.
Define major surgery
Involves extensive reconstruction or alteration in body parts, poses great risks to well
being.
Describe a stage ii pressure ulcer
Partial thickness loss of dermis presenting a shallow ulcer red- pink wound bed
without slough. May present an intact or open. Ruptured serum filled blister. Shiny
dry shallow ulcer without slough or bruising.
Define presbyscusis
Hearing loss associated with aging. Usually involves both a loss of hearing sensitivity
and a reduction in the clarity of speech.
Define ventilation
Movement of air in and out of the lungs. Afterload ejection of blood from left ventricle
Define contact precaution
,Safeguards designed to reduce the risk of transmission of epidemiologically
important microorganisms by direct or indirect contact.
What sound do rhonchi make
Sonorous wheeze-coarse, low pitched: may clear with cough.
Describe head lice
Attach their eggs to hair, eggs look like oval particles of dandruff. Lice are difficult to
see, observe for bites or pustule eruptions in the follicles and area where skin
surfaces meet behind the ears in the ears and in the groin.
Describe diffusion
Movement of gases between air spaces and blood stream
What is the final step in a complete assessment?
Documentation
S/s of hypostatic pneumonia
Decreased lung expansion, generalized respiratory muscle weakness and secretions
occur without immobility. (comes from inflammation of the lung from stasis or pooling
of secretions. )
S/s of respiratory acidosis
Increased paco2 and increased hydrogen ion concentration below 7.35. This reflects
the excess carbonic acid in the blood (hypoventilation produces r. Acidosis)
What is the primary advantage of hydrogel dressing ?
Contains a high percentage of water for wounds that require moisture. Maintaining a
moist wound environment needed for healing. Hydrogel facilitates debridement by
softening dead tissue.
A pt complains of chills, dizziness and feeling hot during a blood transfusion.
What are the nurses most appropriate actions?
Stop transfusion immediately.
Remove blood component and tubing containing and tubing contacting blood
products
replace with new primed tubing with 0.9% sodium chloride
maintain patent iv line with normal saline
stay with patient observe signs and symptoms and monitor every 5 min.
Notify health care ream or response team
notify bank
prepare to do cpr and give emergency drugs
, save blood container, tube, labels and transfusion record
get blood and 1st urine
document transfusion reaction, description, treatment and outcomes
The nurse is providing preoperative teaching for a patient regarding pain
control after surgery. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding
the use of postoperative analgesia?
-inform nurse as soon as pain becomes a persistent discomfort.
-takes time for a drug to act
-drugs rarely eliminates all discomfort.
-don't be fearful of dependency
- use of pca pump
Which leadership skills should a nursing student use when caring for
patients?
Clinical decisions making
priority setting
organizational skills
use of resources
time management evaluation
team communication
delegation
A nurse wants to follow the american nurses association's social media policy.
Which actions should the nurse take?
Never name a patient
never describe a patient
never post an image of pt
never disparage a fellow employee or employer
report breaches of confidentiality and privacy.
Visual changes in older adults is caused by what?
Glaucoma, age related muaclar degeneration
Good samaritan law
Provides immunity to nurse who does what's reasonable to save life. Follow through
with care, hand off to emt or emergency personnel. Able to treat a minor without
parental consent.
Bowlbys phases of mourning
NURSING EXAM 1-6 FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Define sinus tachycardia
Regular rhythm, rate 100-180 beats/min (higher in infants)
When is the best time of the month to perform a self-breast examination?
4th to 7th day during menstrual cycle or days after cycle has ended.
Define total patient care
Rn is responsible for all aspects of care for one or more pts during a shift of care.
Care is usually consistent, comprehensive, and holistic, care can be delegated. Rn
works directly with pt, family and health care team members.
Define primary nursing
1 primary rn assumes responsibility for a caseload of patients, provides care for the
same pts during their stay in health care facility. Rn assesses pt, develops plan of
care and delivers appropriate nursing intervention. Communication is lateral from
nurse to nurse and caregiver to caregiver.
Define major surgery
Involves extensive reconstruction or alteration in body parts, poses great risks to well
being.
Describe a stage ii pressure ulcer
Partial thickness loss of dermis presenting a shallow ulcer red- pink wound bed
without slough. May present an intact or open. Ruptured serum filled blister. Shiny
dry shallow ulcer without slough or bruising.
Define presbyscusis
Hearing loss associated with aging. Usually involves both a loss of hearing sensitivity
and a reduction in the clarity of speech.
Define ventilation
Movement of air in and out of the lungs. Afterload ejection of blood from left ventricle
Define contact precaution
,Safeguards designed to reduce the risk of transmission of epidemiologically
important microorganisms by direct or indirect contact.
What sound do rhonchi make
Sonorous wheeze-coarse, low pitched: may clear with cough.
Describe head lice
Attach their eggs to hair, eggs look like oval particles of dandruff. Lice are difficult to
see, observe for bites or pustule eruptions in the follicles and area where skin
surfaces meet behind the ears in the ears and in the groin.
Describe diffusion
Movement of gases between air spaces and blood stream
What is the final step in a complete assessment?
Documentation
S/s of hypostatic pneumonia
Decreased lung expansion, generalized respiratory muscle weakness and secretions
occur without immobility. (comes from inflammation of the lung from stasis or pooling
of secretions. )
S/s of respiratory acidosis
Increased paco2 and increased hydrogen ion concentration below 7.35. This reflects
the excess carbonic acid in the blood (hypoventilation produces r. Acidosis)
What is the primary advantage of hydrogel dressing ?
Contains a high percentage of water for wounds that require moisture. Maintaining a
moist wound environment needed for healing. Hydrogel facilitates debridement by
softening dead tissue.
A pt complains of chills, dizziness and feeling hot during a blood transfusion.
What are the nurses most appropriate actions?
Stop transfusion immediately.
Remove blood component and tubing containing and tubing contacting blood
products
replace with new primed tubing with 0.9% sodium chloride
maintain patent iv line with normal saline
stay with patient observe signs and symptoms and monitor every 5 min.
Notify health care ream or response team
notify bank
prepare to do cpr and give emergency drugs
, save blood container, tube, labels and transfusion record
get blood and 1st urine
document transfusion reaction, description, treatment and outcomes
The nurse is providing preoperative teaching for a patient regarding pain
control after surgery. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding
the use of postoperative analgesia?
-inform nurse as soon as pain becomes a persistent discomfort.
-takes time for a drug to act
-drugs rarely eliminates all discomfort.
-don't be fearful of dependency
- use of pca pump
Which leadership skills should a nursing student use when caring for
patients?
Clinical decisions making
priority setting
organizational skills
use of resources
time management evaluation
team communication
delegation
A nurse wants to follow the american nurses association's social media policy.
Which actions should the nurse take?
Never name a patient
never describe a patient
never post an image of pt
never disparage a fellow employee or employer
report breaches of confidentiality and privacy.
Visual changes in older adults is caused by what?
Glaucoma, age related muaclar degeneration
Good samaritan law
Provides immunity to nurse who does what's reasonable to save life. Follow through
with care, hand off to emt or emergency personnel. Able to treat a minor without
parental consent.
Bowlbys phases of mourning
