CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE: EXAM 2
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (VERIFIED
AND UPDATED)
What structures make up the scalp? - ANS Skin
Subcutaneous connections
Galea Aponeurosis
Loose area connective tissue
Pericranium
What is the purpose of the scalp? - ANS Protect brain from outside forces
Even though the skull provides a strong barrier to protect the brain. What acts as a secondary
line of defense over the brain? - ANS Meningies
The meninges cover both brain and spinal cord forming a tight seal with three membrane
structure. What are those 3 membranes? - ANS Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Pia mater
What is the most outermost layer of the meninges? It is also the thickest and toughest
membrane. - ANS Dura mater
List the layers of the meninges from the innermost layer to the outermost layer - ANS Pia
mater
Arachnoid mater
Dura mater
What layer of meninges is perforated to allow cranial nerves and blood vessels to pass through?
- ANS Dura mater
What function does the dura mater has, because it is a perforated layer? - ANS Allows cranial
nerves and blood vessels to pass though
What are the 2 layers of the outmost layer, the dura mater? - ANS Periosteal layer
Meningeal layer
Where does the spinal dura meet with the meningeal layer? - ANS Foramen magnum
Separations of the dura membranes create what? - ANS Sinuses
Sinuses are separations of the dura membranes. Why are they important? - ANS Venous
drainage system functions
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,What is a fold in the dura? - ANS Septums
Septums are dura folds in a few places that have what function? - ANS Separates brain
structures
What is the function of the fold of dura in the longitudinal fissure? What is this structure called?
- ANS Falx Cerebri
Seperates the right and left hemispheres
What are the 2 main folds of dura in the brain? - ANS Falx Cerebri
Tentorium cerebelli
What is the falx cerebri? - ANS Dura fold that separates the right and left hemisphere in
longitudinal fissure
What is the tentorium cerebelli? - ANS Dura fold occurs at back of brain and divides cerebral
hemispheres from cerebellum
What is the dura fold that primarily divides the occipital lobes from the cerebellum? -
ANS Tentorium cerebelli
What part of the dura mater is important for venous drainage systems? - ANS Sinuses
The periosteal layer and meningeal layer are part of what meninges structure? - ANS Dura
mater
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, How can the falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli cause damage to brain tissue? - ANS When
head is moved or stopped quickly, the brain tissue can move and abrade at the dural edges
causing lacerations
What brain structures would the falx cerebri and the tentorium cerebelli most likely damage
during a high speed impact to the head? - ANS Falx Cerebri: Corpus callosum could be
damaged
Tentorium Cerebelli:
Midbrain
Oculomotor nerve
What meninges layer adheres to the dura mater - ANS Arachnoid mater
What is the thin mininge layer that is thinner and more delicate than the dura but not as
delicate as the pia mater - ANS Arachnoid mater
The arachnoid mater gets it's name because it has a _______________ appearance -
ANS Spiderweb like
Describe the location of the arachnoid membrane - ANS In middle layer of meninges layer
between dura and pia.
What is the function of the subarachnoid space? - ANS Suspend the brain
What space is between the pia and arachnoid layers and has trabeculae that suspend the brain?
- ANS Subarachnoid space
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (VERIFIED
AND UPDATED)
What structures make up the scalp? - ANS Skin
Subcutaneous connections
Galea Aponeurosis
Loose area connective tissue
Pericranium
What is the purpose of the scalp? - ANS Protect brain from outside forces
Even though the skull provides a strong barrier to protect the brain. What acts as a secondary
line of defense over the brain? - ANS Meningies
The meninges cover both brain and spinal cord forming a tight seal with three membrane
structure. What are those 3 membranes? - ANS Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Pia mater
What is the most outermost layer of the meninges? It is also the thickest and toughest
membrane. - ANS Dura mater
List the layers of the meninges from the innermost layer to the outermost layer - ANS Pia
mater
Arachnoid mater
Dura mater
What layer of meninges is perforated to allow cranial nerves and blood vessels to pass through?
- ANS Dura mater
What function does the dura mater has, because it is a perforated layer? - ANS Allows cranial
nerves and blood vessels to pass though
What are the 2 layers of the outmost layer, the dura mater? - ANS Periosteal layer
Meningeal layer
Where does the spinal dura meet with the meningeal layer? - ANS Foramen magnum
Separations of the dura membranes create what? - ANS Sinuses
Sinuses are separations of the dura membranes. Why are they important? - ANS Venous
drainage system functions
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,What is a fold in the dura? - ANS Septums
Septums are dura folds in a few places that have what function? - ANS Separates brain
structures
What is the function of the fold of dura in the longitudinal fissure? What is this structure called?
- ANS Falx Cerebri
Seperates the right and left hemispheres
What are the 2 main folds of dura in the brain? - ANS Falx Cerebri
Tentorium cerebelli
What is the falx cerebri? - ANS Dura fold that separates the right and left hemisphere in
longitudinal fissure
What is the tentorium cerebelli? - ANS Dura fold occurs at back of brain and divides cerebral
hemispheres from cerebellum
What is the dura fold that primarily divides the occipital lobes from the cerebellum? -
ANS Tentorium cerebelli
What part of the dura mater is important for venous drainage systems? - ANS Sinuses
The periosteal layer and meningeal layer are part of what meninges structure? - ANS Dura
mater
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, How can the falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli cause damage to brain tissue? - ANS When
head is moved or stopped quickly, the brain tissue can move and abrade at the dural edges
causing lacerations
What brain structures would the falx cerebri and the tentorium cerebelli most likely damage
during a high speed impact to the head? - ANS Falx Cerebri: Corpus callosum could be
damaged
Tentorium Cerebelli:
Midbrain
Oculomotor nerve
What meninges layer adheres to the dura mater - ANS Arachnoid mater
What is the thin mininge layer that is thinner and more delicate than the dura but not as
delicate as the pia mater - ANS Arachnoid mater
The arachnoid mater gets it's name because it has a _______________ appearance -
ANS Spiderweb like
Describe the location of the arachnoid membrane - ANS In middle layer of meninges layer
between dura and pia.
What is the function of the subarachnoid space? - ANS Suspend the brain
What space is between the pia and arachnoid layers and has trabeculae that suspend the brain?
- ANS Subarachnoid space
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
