2026 NR 222-Final Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
Definitions of Health - CORRECT ANSWER --A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-
being and the merely absence of disease.
-Both individual and societal.
-State of being that people define in relation to their own values, personality, and lifestyle.
-Individuals responsibility but it also requires collection action to ensure a society and an
environment in which people can act responsibly to support health.
Health Promotion - CORRECT ANSWER --Helps individuals maintain or enhance their present
health.
-Motivates people to engage in healthy activities such as routine exercise & good nutrition to
reach more stable levels of health.
-The model details individual characteristics & experiences, behavior-specific cognitions, &
affect, as well as behavior outcomes.
-End result is a commitment to a plan of action or promoting health behaviors.
Hx of Health - CORRECT ANSWER --Before 1940=absence of disease.
-Infectious diseases were prominent.
-Physician: independent primary practitioner.
-Government: start public health/welfare.
-1940s-1950s=ability to fulfill roles.
-Physicals for fitness.
-Physicians linked to hospital services.
-Increased federal role: hospital expansion, federal programs.
,-1960s-present=adaptation & reaction to environment.
-Disease prevention/health promotion.
-Emphasis on individual responsibility/lifestyle choices.
-Growing number/diversity of primary providers.
-Government: control costs.
-Quality of life seen as component of health
Illness - CORRECT ANSWER --A state in which a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social,
developmental, or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired.
-Person can feel ill in the presence or absence of disease.
-Composed of the subjective experience of individual & physical manifestation of disease.
Disease - CORRECT ANSWER --Failure of a persons adaptive mechanisms.
-Results in functional or structural disturbances.
External Variables - CORRECT ANSWER --Family practices.
-Socioeconomic factors.
-Cultural background.
Internal Variables - CORRECT ANSWER --Developmental stage.
-Intellectual background.
-Perception of functioning.
-Emotional factors.
-Spiritual factors.
Models of Health - CORRECT ANSWER --Clinical: absence of disease; prevention not
emphasized. Only seek help when needed.
, -Role performance: health based on whether person can perform societal roles.
-Adaptive: ability to adapt positively to change.
-Eudaimonistic: exuberant well-being; interaction and interrelationships in multiple aspects of
life. Mind-body connection. Typically uses holistic measures.
Health Belief Model - CORRECT ANSWER --Addresses the relationship between a person's
beliefs and behaviors.
-3 components:
1.) individuals perception of susceptibility to an illness.
2.) individuals perception of the seriousness of the illness.
3.) likelihood that a person will take preventive action.
Health Promotion Model - CORRECT ANSWER --Promotes healthy living.
-Focuses on:
1.) individual characteristics & experiences.
2.) behavior-specific cognitions & affect.
3.) behavior outcomes.
-end result: commitment to a plan of action or health promoting behaviors.
-Adapts as an individual develops over a lifetime.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - CORRECT ANSWER --Used to understand the interrelationships of
basic human needs.
-Considers individual experiences which are always unique to that individual.
-Categories:
1.) Physiological: breathing, food, water, sex, sleep, homeostasis, excretion.
2.) Safety/security: security of body. employment, resources, morality, family, health, property.
3.) Love belonging: friendship, family, sexual intimacy.
Correct Answers
Definitions of Health - CORRECT ANSWER --A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-
being and the merely absence of disease.
-Both individual and societal.
-State of being that people define in relation to their own values, personality, and lifestyle.
-Individuals responsibility but it also requires collection action to ensure a society and an
environment in which people can act responsibly to support health.
Health Promotion - CORRECT ANSWER --Helps individuals maintain or enhance their present
health.
-Motivates people to engage in healthy activities such as routine exercise & good nutrition to
reach more stable levels of health.
-The model details individual characteristics & experiences, behavior-specific cognitions, &
affect, as well as behavior outcomes.
-End result is a commitment to a plan of action or promoting health behaviors.
Hx of Health - CORRECT ANSWER --Before 1940=absence of disease.
-Infectious diseases were prominent.
-Physician: independent primary practitioner.
-Government: start public health/welfare.
-1940s-1950s=ability to fulfill roles.
-Physicals for fitness.
-Physicians linked to hospital services.
-Increased federal role: hospital expansion, federal programs.
,-1960s-present=adaptation & reaction to environment.
-Disease prevention/health promotion.
-Emphasis on individual responsibility/lifestyle choices.
-Growing number/diversity of primary providers.
-Government: control costs.
-Quality of life seen as component of health
Illness - CORRECT ANSWER --A state in which a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social,
developmental, or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired.
-Person can feel ill in the presence or absence of disease.
-Composed of the subjective experience of individual & physical manifestation of disease.
Disease - CORRECT ANSWER --Failure of a persons adaptive mechanisms.
-Results in functional or structural disturbances.
External Variables - CORRECT ANSWER --Family practices.
-Socioeconomic factors.
-Cultural background.
Internal Variables - CORRECT ANSWER --Developmental stage.
-Intellectual background.
-Perception of functioning.
-Emotional factors.
-Spiritual factors.
Models of Health - CORRECT ANSWER --Clinical: absence of disease; prevention not
emphasized. Only seek help when needed.
, -Role performance: health based on whether person can perform societal roles.
-Adaptive: ability to adapt positively to change.
-Eudaimonistic: exuberant well-being; interaction and interrelationships in multiple aspects of
life. Mind-body connection. Typically uses holistic measures.
Health Belief Model - CORRECT ANSWER --Addresses the relationship between a person's
beliefs and behaviors.
-3 components:
1.) individuals perception of susceptibility to an illness.
2.) individuals perception of the seriousness of the illness.
3.) likelihood that a person will take preventive action.
Health Promotion Model - CORRECT ANSWER --Promotes healthy living.
-Focuses on:
1.) individual characteristics & experiences.
2.) behavior-specific cognitions & affect.
3.) behavior outcomes.
-end result: commitment to a plan of action or health promoting behaviors.
-Adapts as an individual develops over a lifetime.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - CORRECT ANSWER --Used to understand the interrelationships of
basic human needs.
-Considers individual experiences which are always unique to that individual.
-Categories:
1.) Physiological: breathing, food, water, sex, sleep, homeostasis, excretion.
2.) Safety/security: security of body. employment, resources, morality, family, health, property.
3.) Love belonging: friendship, family, sexual intimacy.
