WGU D203 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
2025 CERTIFICATION SCRIPT 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ simple diffusion.
Answer: movement of small, nonpolar particles through the plasma
membrane; little energy needed
◍ example of flat bone.
Answer: skull bones (like the parietal and occipital), ribs, sternum
(breastbone), scapula (shoulder blade), nasal bone, and the ilium, ischium,
and pubis of the pelvis
◍ major elements of the human body.
Answer: Oxygen (65%), Carbon(18), Hydrogen (10), Nitrogen (3), Calcium,
Phosphorous,
◍ What is a characteristic of the adaptive immune system?.
Answer: It creates an immunological memory.
◍ What is the tissue that binds bone together to provide side-to-side stability?.
Answer: Ligaments
◍ osteoprogenitor cells.
Answer: stem cells, multiply through mitosis (1 progenitor, one osteoblast)
◍ inclusions.
Answer: aggregates of specific molecules-- temporary storage
◍ Types of bones.
Answer: long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid
◍ vesicles.
Answer: spherical shaped membrane bound sacs that transport cellular
, matterial
◍ centrosome.
Answer: amorphous region adjacent to nucleus; contains a pair of centrioles;
organizes microtubules within the cytoskeleton
◍ osteocytes.
Answer: mature bone cells that have lost their bone forming ability when
they become trapped by calcified osteoid; signal osteocyes when bone is
stressed
◍ What is directly before the bladder in the urinary system pathway?.
Answer: ureter
◍ What is included in the lower gastrointestinal tract?.
Answer: small intestine
◍ membrane junctions.
Answer: to provide an orderly arrangement between cells these form
between adjacent cells (tight junction- completely attaches each cell to
neighbors; forces substances to move through, not between cell tissues)
◍ branches of anatomy.
Answer: microscopic- structures that cannot be observed to the unaided
eye(cytology- study of body cells and their internal structure;histology-
study of tissues)gross anatomy- structures that can be observed to the
unaided eye,; macroscopic(systemic anatomy- anatomy of each body
system;regional anatomy- examines all of the structures in a particular
region of the body as a complete unit)
◍ nucleus.
Answer: largest structure within the cell and is enclosed by a nuclear
envelope. Contains genetic material, DNA, the fluid within the nucleus is
called the nucleoplasm, nucleolos is dark staining body
◍ What is the definition of the neuromuscular junction?.
Answer: The connection point between a motor neuron and a muscle
, ◍ What is an example of a long bone?.
Answer: femur (thigh bone), humerus (upper arm bone), tibia (shin bone),
fibula (calf bone), radius, ulna, metacarpals (hand bones), metatarsals (foot
bones), and phalanges (finger and toe bones).
◍ Which path states how the muscular system in the nervous system work
together to use the leg muscles to jump?.
Answer: Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, gluteus maximus muscle
◍ Where is antidiuretic hormone produced?.
Answer: hypothalamus
◍ cytoplasm.
Answer: all cellular contents between the nucleus and cell membrane
◍ What are major cells of the epidermis?.
Answer: keratinocytes, melanocytes, and Langerhans cells
◍ Which part of the small intestine constitutes the middle section?.
Answer: jejunum
◍ What is used to filter the blood within the urinary system?.
Answer: nephrons
◍ example of short bone.
Answer: wrist, ankle
◍ How does the cardiovascular system support the respiratory system?.
Answer: It delivers nutrients to cells of the lungs.
◍ monosaccharides.
Answer: carbohydrate simple sugars with between 3 and 7 carbon atoms, ex:
glucose C6H12O6, galactose, fructose, ribose and deoxyribose (5 carbon
sugars)
◍ Which term refers to a tube that aids in transmission of sound vibrations?.
Answer: cochlea
◍ How is the thymus gland used in the immune system?.
2025 CERTIFICATION SCRIPT 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ simple diffusion.
Answer: movement of small, nonpolar particles through the plasma
membrane; little energy needed
◍ example of flat bone.
Answer: skull bones (like the parietal and occipital), ribs, sternum
(breastbone), scapula (shoulder blade), nasal bone, and the ilium, ischium,
and pubis of the pelvis
◍ major elements of the human body.
Answer: Oxygen (65%), Carbon(18), Hydrogen (10), Nitrogen (3), Calcium,
Phosphorous,
◍ What is a characteristic of the adaptive immune system?.
Answer: It creates an immunological memory.
◍ What is the tissue that binds bone together to provide side-to-side stability?.
Answer: Ligaments
◍ osteoprogenitor cells.
Answer: stem cells, multiply through mitosis (1 progenitor, one osteoblast)
◍ inclusions.
Answer: aggregates of specific molecules-- temporary storage
◍ Types of bones.
Answer: long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid
◍ vesicles.
Answer: spherical shaped membrane bound sacs that transport cellular
, matterial
◍ centrosome.
Answer: amorphous region adjacent to nucleus; contains a pair of centrioles;
organizes microtubules within the cytoskeleton
◍ osteocytes.
Answer: mature bone cells that have lost their bone forming ability when
they become trapped by calcified osteoid; signal osteocyes when bone is
stressed
◍ What is directly before the bladder in the urinary system pathway?.
Answer: ureter
◍ What is included in the lower gastrointestinal tract?.
Answer: small intestine
◍ membrane junctions.
Answer: to provide an orderly arrangement between cells these form
between adjacent cells (tight junction- completely attaches each cell to
neighbors; forces substances to move through, not between cell tissues)
◍ branches of anatomy.
Answer: microscopic- structures that cannot be observed to the unaided
eye(cytology- study of body cells and their internal structure;histology-
study of tissues)gross anatomy- structures that can be observed to the
unaided eye,; macroscopic(systemic anatomy- anatomy of each body
system;regional anatomy- examines all of the structures in a particular
region of the body as a complete unit)
◍ nucleus.
Answer: largest structure within the cell and is enclosed by a nuclear
envelope. Contains genetic material, DNA, the fluid within the nucleus is
called the nucleoplasm, nucleolos is dark staining body
◍ What is the definition of the neuromuscular junction?.
Answer: The connection point between a motor neuron and a muscle
, ◍ What is an example of a long bone?.
Answer: femur (thigh bone), humerus (upper arm bone), tibia (shin bone),
fibula (calf bone), radius, ulna, metacarpals (hand bones), metatarsals (foot
bones), and phalanges (finger and toe bones).
◍ Which path states how the muscular system in the nervous system work
together to use the leg muscles to jump?.
Answer: Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, gluteus maximus muscle
◍ Where is antidiuretic hormone produced?.
Answer: hypothalamus
◍ cytoplasm.
Answer: all cellular contents between the nucleus and cell membrane
◍ What are major cells of the epidermis?.
Answer: keratinocytes, melanocytes, and Langerhans cells
◍ Which part of the small intestine constitutes the middle section?.
Answer: jejunum
◍ What is used to filter the blood within the urinary system?.
Answer: nephrons
◍ example of short bone.
Answer: wrist, ankle
◍ How does the cardiovascular system support the respiratory system?.
Answer: It delivers nutrients to cells of the lungs.
◍ monosaccharides.
Answer: carbohydrate simple sugars with between 3 and 7 carbon atoms, ex:
glucose C6H12O6, galactose, fructose, ribose and deoxyribose (5 carbon
sugars)
◍ Which term refers to a tube that aids in transmission of sound vibrations?.
Answer: cochlea
◍ How is the thymus gland used in the immune system?.
