MCAT EXAM COMPLETE VERIFIED QUESTIONS
WITH LATEST 2025-2026 CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
Cell Theory
-all living things composed of cells
-cell=basic functional unit of life
-cells from other cells only
-cells have DNA (parent-->daughter cells)
magnification
increase size
resolution
differentiate close objects
eyepiece magnification
10x
objective magnification
4x,10x,20x, 100x
total magnification
eyepiece x objective
diaphragm (microscope)
controls light
image contrast
hematoxylin
-commonly used dye
-shows nucleic acids (DNA,RNA)
how does the dye hematoxylin show nucleic acids?
,binds to the negative sugar-phosphate backbone
phase contrast microscope
-living organisms
-differences in refractive indices among different subcellular structures
electron microscope
-atomic level
-samples must be sliced thinly and impregnated with heavy metals for
contrast
prokaryotes
before nuclei (no nuclei)
eukaryotes
after nuclei
types of prokaryotes
bacteria and blue-green algae
prokaryote characteristics
-unicellular
-no nucleus or membrane bound organelles
-cell wall in all
-ability to carry other pieces of DNA
What type of genetic material is present within prokaryotes?
-single circle molecule of DNA
-within nucleoid region
plasmids
,-circular DNA
-small
-few genes
-replicate independently
cocci
spherical bacteria
bacilli
rod-shaped bacteria
how do antibacterials work?
tend to attack bacterial specific structures
Eukaryote characteristics
-protists, fungi, plants, and animals
-cell walls in fungi and plants
-nucleus
-unicellular or multicellular
cytoskeleton proteins
-actin filaments
-intermediate filaments
-microtubules
Smallest cytoskeleton proteins
actin filaments
largest cytoskeleton proteins
microtubules
phospholipid bilayer
, -hydrophobic nonpolar tail
-hydrophilic polar head
-cholesterol molecules
purpose of cholesterol in phospholipid bilayer
regulate fluidity
transport proteins
-control entry/exit
-polar molecules and ions allowed through
cell adhesion molecule purpose
-CAMs
-allow cells to recognize each other
-proper cell differentiation and development
nucleus membrane
-double membrane
-nuclear membrane/envelope
purpose of nucleolus
ribosomal RNA synthesized (rRNA)
Ribosomes
-protein production
-free and bound types
Endoplasmic Reticulum
-production and sorting of materials from cell
smooth ER purpose
lipid synthesis and detox drugs/poisons
WITH LATEST 2025-2026 CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
Cell Theory
-all living things composed of cells
-cell=basic functional unit of life
-cells from other cells only
-cells have DNA (parent-->daughter cells)
magnification
increase size
resolution
differentiate close objects
eyepiece magnification
10x
objective magnification
4x,10x,20x, 100x
total magnification
eyepiece x objective
diaphragm (microscope)
controls light
image contrast
hematoxylin
-commonly used dye
-shows nucleic acids (DNA,RNA)
how does the dye hematoxylin show nucleic acids?
,binds to the negative sugar-phosphate backbone
phase contrast microscope
-living organisms
-differences in refractive indices among different subcellular structures
electron microscope
-atomic level
-samples must be sliced thinly and impregnated with heavy metals for
contrast
prokaryotes
before nuclei (no nuclei)
eukaryotes
after nuclei
types of prokaryotes
bacteria and blue-green algae
prokaryote characteristics
-unicellular
-no nucleus or membrane bound organelles
-cell wall in all
-ability to carry other pieces of DNA
What type of genetic material is present within prokaryotes?
-single circle molecule of DNA
-within nucleoid region
plasmids
,-circular DNA
-small
-few genes
-replicate independently
cocci
spherical bacteria
bacilli
rod-shaped bacteria
how do antibacterials work?
tend to attack bacterial specific structures
Eukaryote characteristics
-protists, fungi, plants, and animals
-cell walls in fungi and plants
-nucleus
-unicellular or multicellular
cytoskeleton proteins
-actin filaments
-intermediate filaments
-microtubules
Smallest cytoskeleton proteins
actin filaments
largest cytoskeleton proteins
microtubules
phospholipid bilayer
, -hydrophobic nonpolar tail
-hydrophilic polar head
-cholesterol molecules
purpose of cholesterol in phospholipid bilayer
regulate fluidity
transport proteins
-control entry/exit
-polar molecules and ions allowed through
cell adhesion molecule purpose
-CAMs
-allow cells to recognize each other
-proper cell differentiation and development
nucleus membrane
-double membrane
-nuclear membrane/envelope
purpose of nucleolus
ribosomal RNA synthesized (rRNA)
Ribosomes
-protein production
-free and bound types
Endoplasmic Reticulum
-production and sorting of materials from cell
smooth ER purpose
lipid synthesis and detox drugs/poisons
