NUR 426 Final Exam: Community Health Nursing Theory &
Application V3 - Arizona College Updated and Latest
Questions and Correct Answers with Rationale
1. A community health nurse is calculating the incidence rate of influenza in a local town. Which of the
following data points is required for this calculation?
A. The number of new cases occurring during a specific period
B. The total number of existing cases in the population
C. The number of deaths resulting from influenza
D. The percentage of the population that is vaccinated
Ans: A
Explanation: Incidence refers specifically to the number of new cases of a disease within a population
during a set timeframe. This metric is essential for understanding the rate of spread and the risk of
contracting the disease. In contrast, prevalence measures all existing cases including both new and old.
Mortality rates track deaths rather than the occurrence of the illness itself. Accurate incidence data
allows public health officials to monitor the effectiveness of current prevention strategies.
2. Which intervention by the nurse represents secondary prevention in a community setting?
A. Providing immunizations at a local health fair
B. Leading a support group for individuals with diabetes
C. Advocating for laws that mandate seatbelt use
D. Conducting blood pressure screenings at a senior center
Ans: D
,Explanation: Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and screening to identify diseases in their
earliest stages. Blood pressure screenings allow for the identification of hypertension before it leads to
more severe complications. Primary prevention involves activities like immunization and law advocacy
to prevent disease before it occurs. Tertiary prevention involves rehabilitation and management of
established chronic conditions. By screening seniors, the nurse can facilitate early intervention and
referral to medical providers.
3. A nurse is conducting a windshield survey. Which of the following observations provides information
about the community’s environmental health?
A. The number of places of worship in the neighborhood
B. The quality of housing and presence of lead paint signs
C. The availability of public transportation and sidewalks
D. The prevalence of grocery stores selling fresh produce
Ans: B
Explanation: A windshield survey is an informal tool used to assess the physical environment of a
community while driving. Observing the condition of housing and potential toxins like lead or asbestos
directly addresses environmental health risks. While transportation and food access are important, they
fall under social and infrastructure categories. Places of worship relate to the spiritual and social fabric of
the community. Focusing on environmental hazards helps the nurse prioritize interventions for safety
and health promotion.
4. In the event of a mass casualty disaster, which color tag would the nurse assign to a victim with a broken
arm and minor abrasions who is walking?
A. Red
B. Green
, C. Yellow
D. Black
Ans: B
Explanation: In the START triage system, the green tag is reserved for ‘walking wounded’ victims with
minor injuries. These individuals require care but can wait significantly longer than those with life-
threatening conditions. Red tags are for immediate life-threatening injuries, while yellow tags are for
delayed but serious injuries. Black tags indicate that the victim is deceased or has nonsurvivable injuries.
Efficient triage ensures that resources are allocated to maximize the number of survivors.
5. Which of the following is an example of an extrinsic factor in the epidemiological triangle?
A. The age and gender of the population
B. The virulence of a specific bacteria
C. The humidity and temperature of the region
D. The genetic predisposition of an individual
Ans: C
Explanation: The epidemiological triangle consists of the host, the agent, and the environment.
Environmental factors are considered extrinsic because they exist outside of the host and the agent.
Climate conditions like humidity and temperature can facilitate the survival and spread of infectious
agents. Age, gender, and genetics are intrinsic host factors that influence susceptibility to disease.
Understanding how the environment affects health helps nurses design targeted community
interventions.
Application V3 - Arizona College Updated and Latest
Questions and Correct Answers with Rationale
1. A community health nurse is calculating the incidence rate of influenza in a local town. Which of the
following data points is required for this calculation?
A. The number of new cases occurring during a specific period
B. The total number of existing cases in the population
C. The number of deaths resulting from influenza
D. The percentage of the population that is vaccinated
Ans: A
Explanation: Incidence refers specifically to the number of new cases of a disease within a population
during a set timeframe. This metric is essential for understanding the rate of spread and the risk of
contracting the disease. In contrast, prevalence measures all existing cases including both new and old.
Mortality rates track deaths rather than the occurrence of the illness itself. Accurate incidence data
allows public health officials to monitor the effectiveness of current prevention strategies.
2. Which intervention by the nurse represents secondary prevention in a community setting?
A. Providing immunizations at a local health fair
B. Leading a support group for individuals with diabetes
C. Advocating for laws that mandate seatbelt use
D. Conducting blood pressure screenings at a senior center
Ans: D
,Explanation: Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and screening to identify diseases in their
earliest stages. Blood pressure screenings allow for the identification of hypertension before it leads to
more severe complications. Primary prevention involves activities like immunization and law advocacy
to prevent disease before it occurs. Tertiary prevention involves rehabilitation and management of
established chronic conditions. By screening seniors, the nurse can facilitate early intervention and
referral to medical providers.
3. A nurse is conducting a windshield survey. Which of the following observations provides information
about the community’s environmental health?
A. The number of places of worship in the neighborhood
B. The quality of housing and presence of lead paint signs
C. The availability of public transportation and sidewalks
D. The prevalence of grocery stores selling fresh produce
Ans: B
Explanation: A windshield survey is an informal tool used to assess the physical environment of a
community while driving. Observing the condition of housing and potential toxins like lead or asbestos
directly addresses environmental health risks. While transportation and food access are important, they
fall under social and infrastructure categories. Places of worship relate to the spiritual and social fabric of
the community. Focusing on environmental hazards helps the nurse prioritize interventions for safety
and health promotion.
4. In the event of a mass casualty disaster, which color tag would the nurse assign to a victim with a broken
arm and minor abrasions who is walking?
A. Red
B. Green
, C. Yellow
D. Black
Ans: B
Explanation: In the START triage system, the green tag is reserved for ‘walking wounded’ victims with
minor injuries. These individuals require care but can wait significantly longer than those with life-
threatening conditions. Red tags are for immediate life-threatening injuries, while yellow tags are for
delayed but serious injuries. Black tags indicate that the victim is deceased or has nonsurvivable injuries.
Efficient triage ensures that resources are allocated to maximize the number of survivors.
5. Which of the following is an example of an extrinsic factor in the epidemiological triangle?
A. The age and gender of the population
B. The virulence of a specific bacteria
C. The humidity and temperature of the region
D. The genetic predisposition of an individual
Ans: C
Explanation: The epidemiological triangle consists of the host, the agent, and the environment.
Environmental factors are considered extrinsic because they exist outside of the host and the agent.
Climate conditions like humidity and temperature can facilitate the survival and spread of infectious
agents. Age, gender, and genetics are intrinsic host factors that influence susceptibility to disease.
Understanding how the environment affects health helps nurses design targeted community
interventions.
