NMTT 1301 Mid Term Exam QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Roentgen (R) - ANSWER-• Amount of X ray and Gamma radation produces 1 ESU of
charge in 1 cc of air.
• 1 R =2.58 X 10-4 COULOMBS/kG OF AIR
• Measures external radiation
RAD - ANSWER-• The amount of energy deposited in a unit or mass or matter.
• Measures radiation absorbed not intensity
• Applies to all kinds of radiation
REM ( RBE, QF,wf (apparently not RBE) ) - ANSWER-• The amount of radiation dose to
a biological system from an external source.
• Weighting factor = tissue and radiation
• Weighting factor replaces RBE
• REM = RAD x QF or weight factor
• QF = Linear energy transfer response by a biological system
Sievert (Sv) - ANSWER-• 1 Sievert = 100 REM
• Sievert = joules/ kg
Rems and rads for x and gammas and fast betas are equal but for alpha and slow betas
its different.
DDE - ANSWER-5rem/year, whole body dose 1cm deep
SDE - ANSWER-50rem/year, 0.007 cm exposure to the maximally exposed skin
LDE - ANSWER-15rem/year, depth of 0.3cm, calculated using DDE and distance
TEDE - ANSWER-5rem/year, external, DDE
• CEDE - ANSWER-summation of CDE x Weight factor
• TODE - ANSWER-50rem/year, DDE + CDE
, CDE - ANSWER-totally maximally exposed organs
ALI - ANSWER-50uCi for I-131, 10CFR 20 appendix B
• DAC - ANSWER-ALI/ (2000 work hours x breaths per hours), uCI/ml
Whole body, yearly (TEDE) - ANSWER-• 5rem/year
• External
• Equals DDE
Skin & hands, yearly (SDE) - ANSWER-• 50rem/year
• Depth of 0.007cm
Lens of eye yearly (LDE) - ANSWER-• 15rem/year
• Depth of 0.3cm
• Calculated using DDE and distance
Public & pregnant workers (embryo/fetus) - ANSWER-• Members of the public </=
100rem/year
• Minors </= 10% or 500mrem TEDE/year
• Embryo/fetus </= 500mrem for gestational period, no more than 50mrem for the
remainder
ALARA associated values & investigational levels - ANSWER-• Investigated if ALARA
limits exceeds quarterly or yearly
• Level 1 (125-375mrem)
TEDE > 125 mrem/QTR
SDE > 1250 mrem/QTR
LDE > 375 mrem/QTR
RSO will review results and report to RSC
RSC will compare with other techs to see if it is a procedural problem or personnel
problem
• Level 2 (375-500mrem)
30% per QTR
RSO investigates and takes action
Employee is notified in writing
Actions is reviewed by RSC and management
Reports are kept on file, will be sent to DSHS or NRC IF exposure exceeds limits.
A. NRC - ANSWER-• Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Governs use of by-product radioactive materials
TEXAS DSHS --------- Agreement state - ANSWER-• Department of State Health
Services
Texas DSHS is a NRC equivalent in the state
An agreement state establishes its own process to govern the use of by- product RAM,
in place of the NRC
Must have regulations =/> NRC
NRC reviews state operations every 4 years
FDA - ANSWER-• Food and Drug Administration
Regulates the use and approval of all pharmaceuticals preparations including RP
NDA = approved new drug application
IND = Investigational Exemption for New Drug, needs written consent
OSHA / TJC - ANSWER-• Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Responsible for establishing and enforcing rules that make the work environment safe
ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Roentgen (R) - ANSWER-• Amount of X ray and Gamma radation produces 1 ESU of
charge in 1 cc of air.
• 1 R =2.58 X 10-4 COULOMBS/kG OF AIR
• Measures external radiation
RAD - ANSWER-• The amount of energy deposited in a unit or mass or matter.
• Measures radiation absorbed not intensity
• Applies to all kinds of radiation
REM ( RBE, QF,wf (apparently not RBE) ) - ANSWER-• The amount of radiation dose to
a biological system from an external source.
• Weighting factor = tissue and radiation
• Weighting factor replaces RBE
• REM = RAD x QF or weight factor
• QF = Linear energy transfer response by a biological system
Sievert (Sv) - ANSWER-• 1 Sievert = 100 REM
• Sievert = joules/ kg
Rems and rads for x and gammas and fast betas are equal but for alpha and slow betas
its different.
DDE - ANSWER-5rem/year, whole body dose 1cm deep
SDE - ANSWER-50rem/year, 0.007 cm exposure to the maximally exposed skin
LDE - ANSWER-15rem/year, depth of 0.3cm, calculated using DDE and distance
TEDE - ANSWER-5rem/year, external, DDE
• CEDE - ANSWER-summation of CDE x Weight factor
• TODE - ANSWER-50rem/year, DDE + CDE
, CDE - ANSWER-totally maximally exposed organs
ALI - ANSWER-50uCi for I-131, 10CFR 20 appendix B
• DAC - ANSWER-ALI/ (2000 work hours x breaths per hours), uCI/ml
Whole body, yearly (TEDE) - ANSWER-• 5rem/year
• External
• Equals DDE
Skin & hands, yearly (SDE) - ANSWER-• 50rem/year
• Depth of 0.007cm
Lens of eye yearly (LDE) - ANSWER-• 15rem/year
• Depth of 0.3cm
• Calculated using DDE and distance
Public & pregnant workers (embryo/fetus) - ANSWER-• Members of the public </=
100rem/year
• Minors </= 10% or 500mrem TEDE/year
• Embryo/fetus </= 500mrem for gestational period, no more than 50mrem for the
remainder
ALARA associated values & investigational levels - ANSWER-• Investigated if ALARA
limits exceeds quarterly or yearly
• Level 1 (125-375mrem)
TEDE > 125 mrem/QTR
SDE > 1250 mrem/QTR
LDE > 375 mrem/QTR
RSO will review results and report to RSC
RSC will compare with other techs to see if it is a procedural problem or personnel
problem
• Level 2 (375-500mrem)
30% per QTR
RSO investigates and takes action
Employee is notified in writing
Actions is reviewed by RSC and management
Reports are kept on file, will be sent to DSHS or NRC IF exposure exceeds limits.
A. NRC - ANSWER-• Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Governs use of by-product radioactive materials
TEXAS DSHS --------- Agreement state - ANSWER-• Department of State Health
Services
Texas DSHS is a NRC equivalent in the state
An agreement state establishes its own process to govern the use of by- product RAM,
in place of the NRC
Must have regulations =/> NRC
NRC reviews state operations every 4 years
FDA - ANSWER-• Food and Drug Administration
Regulates the use and approval of all pharmaceuticals preparations including RP
NDA = approved new drug application
IND = Investigational Exemption for New Drug, needs written consent
OSHA / TJC - ANSWER-• Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Responsible for establishing and enforcing rules that make the work environment safe
