2
MTTC Integrated Science Exam with precise detailed || || || || || || ||
solutions
Independent Variable - ✔✔The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
effect is being studied. Placed on the x-axis (horizontal) on a graph.
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Dependent Variable - ✔✔The variable that is measured in an experiment. Placed on the y-
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
axis (vertical) on a graph.
|| || || ||
Scientific theory - ✔✔Must be repeatable. Possible to be disproved and capable of change.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Sampling and Sample Size - ✔✔Random sampling is the preferred, but isn't always possible.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
A large sample will yield the most accurate information.
|| || || || || || || || ||
Manipulating Variables - ✔✔Only one variable should be manipulated at a time.
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Control variable - ✔✔A factor that is held constant to test the relative impact of an
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
independent variable ||
Response to Lab Accident - ✔✔In most cases, 911 should be called immediately.
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
Response to Fire in a Beaker or Flask - ✔✔Do not use a fire extinguisher. Just place a watch
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
glass or wet towel over it to cut off Oxygen supply.
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Guidelines for Dissections - ✔✔Specimens should be rinsed before using. Latex glover
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
preferred. Avoid use of formaldehyde/dispose of correctly. Need to provide alternative for
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
students with moral objections to assingment.
|| || || || ||
,2
Storing Lab Chemicals - ✔✔Store all in secured, dry area. Acids locked in separate area.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Origin of Biological Sciences - ✔✔Traced back to ancient Greeks (i.e. Aristotle)
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Andrea Vesalius - ✔✔Dissected human bodies; created a book on anatomy
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Anton van Leeuwenhoek - ✔✔Father of Microscopy, first to see and describe bacteria, yeast
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
plants, and microscopic life found in water
|| || || || || ||
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) - ✔✔Instead of a light, a beam of electrons pass
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
through specimen. Resolution about 1,000 times greater than light microscope. Will kill
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
specimen though. ||
Robert Hooke - ✔✔Famous for Hook's law describing elasticity. But called a "virtuoso", able
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
to contribute findings to any major field in science
|| || || || || || || ||
Carl Von Linnaeus - ✔✔Famous for binomial system of nomenclature. Each living
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
organism has two names, a genus and species. Considered father of modern ecology and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
taxonomy
Pasteur - ✔✔Discovered role of microorganisms in the cause of disease, pasteurization, and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
rabies vaccine.
||
Koch's Postulates - ✔✔Specific diseases caused by specific pathogens
|| || || || || || || ||
Cell theory - ✔✔Cell is the common structural unit in plants and animals. Proposed by
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Mattias Scheleiden and Schwann.
|| || ||
,2
Watson and Crick - ✔✔Discovered the structure of DNA was a double helix (in the 1950s).
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Made it possible to understand how DNA replicated and synthesized proteins
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Commonalities Among all Sciences - ✔✔- Systems, order, and organization || || || || || || || || ||
- Evidence, models, and explanation
|| || || ||
- Constancy, change, and measurement
|| || || ||
- Evolution and equilibrium
|| || ||
- Form and function
|| || ||
Empirical Evidence - ✔✔All evidence is empirical; all evidence must be observed by the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
five sense. ||
Peer-reviewed Journals - ✔✔Most accepted source for information on scientific experiments
|| || || || || || || || || ||
and studies
|| ||
Air Pollution - ✔✔Chemicals in the air; include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's) ||
Water Pollution - ✔✔Contaminants enter water by ground runoff or by leaching
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Thermal pollution - ✔✔Factories dump water at high temperatures which increases normal
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
water temperatures. This means the water can hold less gas, disrupting the ecosystem
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Greenhouse gasses - ✔✔I.e. carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide. Concentration of them is
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
increased by burning fossil fuels. These gasses absorb and trap heat, therefore warming the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
planet
, 2
Acid ran - ✔✔Sulfur and nitrous oxides converted to acids and contaminate water supplies
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Prokaryotes - ✔✔Single-celled organisms that do not have a membrane-bound nucleus
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Flagella - ✔✔Appendages on bacteria cells; used for movement
|| || || || || || || ||
Pili - ✔✔Used by bacteria cells to attach to other cells
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Cell Wall - ✔✔a thin membrane around the cytoplasm of a cell
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Cell membrane - ✔✔a phospholipid layer that covers a cell's surface and acts as a barrier
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
between the inside of a cell and the cell's environment
|| || || || || || || || ||
Eukaryotes - ✔✔organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and other membrane bound
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
organelles
Nucleus - ✔✔a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
reproduction
Nucleolus - ✔✔The organelle where ribosomes are made, synthesized and partially
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
assembled, located in the nucleus || || || ||
Ribosomes - ✔✔site of protein synthesis || || || || ||
Endoplasmic Reticulum - ✔✔an internal membrane system in which components of cell
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
membrane and some proteins are constructed || || || || ||
MTTC Integrated Science Exam with precise detailed || || || || || || ||
solutions
Independent Variable - ✔✔The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
effect is being studied. Placed on the x-axis (horizontal) on a graph.
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Dependent Variable - ✔✔The variable that is measured in an experiment. Placed on the y-
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
axis (vertical) on a graph.
|| || || ||
Scientific theory - ✔✔Must be repeatable. Possible to be disproved and capable of change.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Sampling and Sample Size - ✔✔Random sampling is the preferred, but isn't always possible.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
A large sample will yield the most accurate information.
|| || || || || || || || ||
Manipulating Variables - ✔✔Only one variable should be manipulated at a time.
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Control variable - ✔✔A factor that is held constant to test the relative impact of an
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
independent variable ||
Response to Lab Accident - ✔✔In most cases, 911 should be called immediately.
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
Response to Fire in a Beaker or Flask - ✔✔Do not use a fire extinguisher. Just place a watch
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
glass or wet towel over it to cut off Oxygen supply.
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Guidelines for Dissections - ✔✔Specimens should be rinsed before using. Latex glover
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
preferred. Avoid use of formaldehyde/dispose of correctly. Need to provide alternative for
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
students with moral objections to assingment.
|| || || || ||
,2
Storing Lab Chemicals - ✔✔Store all in secured, dry area. Acids locked in separate area.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Origin of Biological Sciences - ✔✔Traced back to ancient Greeks (i.e. Aristotle)
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Andrea Vesalius - ✔✔Dissected human bodies; created a book on anatomy
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Anton van Leeuwenhoek - ✔✔Father of Microscopy, first to see and describe bacteria, yeast
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
plants, and microscopic life found in water
|| || || || || ||
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) - ✔✔Instead of a light, a beam of electrons pass
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
through specimen. Resolution about 1,000 times greater than light microscope. Will kill
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
specimen though. ||
Robert Hooke - ✔✔Famous for Hook's law describing elasticity. But called a "virtuoso", able
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
to contribute findings to any major field in science
|| || || || || || || ||
Carl Von Linnaeus - ✔✔Famous for binomial system of nomenclature. Each living
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
organism has two names, a genus and species. Considered father of modern ecology and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
taxonomy
Pasteur - ✔✔Discovered role of microorganisms in the cause of disease, pasteurization, and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
rabies vaccine.
||
Koch's Postulates - ✔✔Specific diseases caused by specific pathogens
|| || || || || || || ||
Cell theory - ✔✔Cell is the common structural unit in plants and animals. Proposed by
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Mattias Scheleiden and Schwann.
|| || ||
,2
Watson and Crick - ✔✔Discovered the structure of DNA was a double helix (in the 1950s).
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Made it possible to understand how DNA replicated and synthesized proteins
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Commonalities Among all Sciences - ✔✔- Systems, order, and organization || || || || || || || || ||
- Evidence, models, and explanation
|| || || ||
- Constancy, change, and measurement
|| || || ||
- Evolution and equilibrium
|| || ||
- Form and function
|| || ||
Empirical Evidence - ✔✔All evidence is empirical; all evidence must be observed by the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
five sense. ||
Peer-reviewed Journals - ✔✔Most accepted source for information on scientific experiments
|| || || || || || || || || ||
and studies
|| ||
Air Pollution - ✔✔Chemicals in the air; include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's) ||
Water Pollution - ✔✔Contaminants enter water by ground runoff or by leaching
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Thermal pollution - ✔✔Factories dump water at high temperatures which increases normal
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
water temperatures. This means the water can hold less gas, disrupting the ecosystem
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Greenhouse gasses - ✔✔I.e. carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide. Concentration of them is
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
increased by burning fossil fuels. These gasses absorb and trap heat, therefore warming the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
planet
, 2
Acid ran - ✔✔Sulfur and nitrous oxides converted to acids and contaminate water supplies
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Prokaryotes - ✔✔Single-celled organisms that do not have a membrane-bound nucleus
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Flagella - ✔✔Appendages on bacteria cells; used for movement
|| || || || || || || ||
Pili - ✔✔Used by bacteria cells to attach to other cells
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Cell Wall - ✔✔a thin membrane around the cytoplasm of a cell
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Cell membrane - ✔✔a phospholipid layer that covers a cell's surface and acts as a barrier
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
between the inside of a cell and the cell's environment
|| || || || || || || || ||
Eukaryotes - ✔✔organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and other membrane bound
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
organelles
Nucleus - ✔✔a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
reproduction
Nucleolus - ✔✔The organelle where ribosomes are made, synthesized and partially
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
assembled, located in the nucleus || || || ||
Ribosomes - ✔✔site of protein synthesis || || || || ||
Endoplasmic Reticulum - ✔✔an internal membrane system in which components of cell
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
membrane and some proteins are constructed || || || || ||
