BIOLOGY 1201 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS &
ACCURATE ANSWERS RATED 100%
CORRECT
What is another name for cell to cell communication?
a. signal transition
b. signal transduction
c. signal translation
d. signal transference
e. all of the above - Correct Answer ✔✔ b. signal transduction
Paracrine signaling is when:
a. signal molecules pass through gap junctions to neighboring cells
b. signal molecules pass through the bloodstream to other cells
c. signal molecules cause two separate cells to fuse
d. signal molecules pass from one cell to a nearby cell
e. all of the above - Correct Answer ✔✔ d. signal molecules pass from one cell to a
nearby cell
If something is "hormonal" or "endocrine" signalling, this means:
a. the signalling molecule is hydrophobic
b. the signalling molecule binds to a cell surface receptor
c. the signalling molecule passes through the bloodstream
d. the signalling molecule is a small organic molecule
e. the signalling molecule is a protein or peptide - Correct Answer ✔✔ c. the signalling
molecule passes through the bloodstream
In most signal transduction pathways, what actually passes through the membrane?
a. cyclic AMP
b. GTP
c. small peptides
d. transcription factors
e. nothing but information - Correct Answer ✔✔ e. nothing but information
What are GPCRs ?
a. G-protein coupled receptors
b. transmembrane proteins
c. cell surface receptors
d. common drug binding targets
e. all of the above - Correct Answer ✔✔ e. all of the above
The goal of most signal transduction pathways is:
, a. to stimulate a hormone
b. to increase metabolism
c. to form tissues
d. to turn a gene on or off
e. to stimulate the immune system - Correct Answer ✔✔ d. to turn a gene on or off
What is the first thing an RTK (receptor tyrosine kinase) does after binding a signaling
molecule?
a. flip from one side of the membrane to the other
b. bind to a G-protein
c. form a dimer in the membrane
d. turn on a gene
e. release ATP - Correct Answer ✔✔ c. form a dimer in the membrane
Some signaling molecules do not need to bind to a cell surface receptor, they bind an
internal protein and go all the way to the nucleus themselves. These are almost always:
a. steroid hormones
b. hydrophobic
c. lipids
d. membrane permeable
e. all of the above - Correct Answer ✔✔ e. all of the above
One of the following is NOT a secondary messenger, which one?
a. cyclic AMP
b. calcium
c. IP3 (inositol 3 phosphate)
d. insulin peptide
e. all of these are secondary messengers - Correct Answer ✔✔ d. insulin peptide
A signal transduction pathway = reception + transduction + response. What is a
common process in the transduction?
a. release of proteins from the membrane
b. turning a gene on or off
c. internalization of the receptor
d. a series of phosphorylations
e. all of the above - Correct Answer ✔✔ d. a series of phosphorylations
In a signal transduction pathway, what actually turns the genes on or off?
a. receptors
b. primary signal molecules
c. adenylate cyclase
d. GPCRs
e. transcription factors - Correct Answer ✔✔ e. transcription factors
What is the main purpose of the phosphorylation cascade in transduction?
a. to amplify the signal
ACCURATE ANSWERS RATED 100%
CORRECT
What is another name for cell to cell communication?
a. signal transition
b. signal transduction
c. signal translation
d. signal transference
e. all of the above - Correct Answer ✔✔ b. signal transduction
Paracrine signaling is when:
a. signal molecules pass through gap junctions to neighboring cells
b. signal molecules pass through the bloodstream to other cells
c. signal molecules cause two separate cells to fuse
d. signal molecules pass from one cell to a nearby cell
e. all of the above - Correct Answer ✔✔ d. signal molecules pass from one cell to a
nearby cell
If something is "hormonal" or "endocrine" signalling, this means:
a. the signalling molecule is hydrophobic
b. the signalling molecule binds to a cell surface receptor
c. the signalling molecule passes through the bloodstream
d. the signalling molecule is a small organic molecule
e. the signalling molecule is a protein or peptide - Correct Answer ✔✔ c. the signalling
molecule passes through the bloodstream
In most signal transduction pathways, what actually passes through the membrane?
a. cyclic AMP
b. GTP
c. small peptides
d. transcription factors
e. nothing but information - Correct Answer ✔✔ e. nothing but information
What are GPCRs ?
a. G-protein coupled receptors
b. transmembrane proteins
c. cell surface receptors
d. common drug binding targets
e. all of the above - Correct Answer ✔✔ e. all of the above
The goal of most signal transduction pathways is:
, a. to stimulate a hormone
b. to increase metabolism
c. to form tissues
d. to turn a gene on or off
e. to stimulate the immune system - Correct Answer ✔✔ d. to turn a gene on or off
What is the first thing an RTK (receptor tyrosine kinase) does after binding a signaling
molecule?
a. flip from one side of the membrane to the other
b. bind to a G-protein
c. form a dimer in the membrane
d. turn on a gene
e. release ATP - Correct Answer ✔✔ c. form a dimer in the membrane
Some signaling molecules do not need to bind to a cell surface receptor, they bind an
internal protein and go all the way to the nucleus themselves. These are almost always:
a. steroid hormones
b. hydrophobic
c. lipids
d. membrane permeable
e. all of the above - Correct Answer ✔✔ e. all of the above
One of the following is NOT a secondary messenger, which one?
a. cyclic AMP
b. calcium
c. IP3 (inositol 3 phosphate)
d. insulin peptide
e. all of these are secondary messengers - Correct Answer ✔✔ d. insulin peptide
A signal transduction pathway = reception + transduction + response. What is a
common process in the transduction?
a. release of proteins from the membrane
b. turning a gene on or off
c. internalization of the receptor
d. a series of phosphorylations
e. all of the above - Correct Answer ✔✔ d. a series of phosphorylations
In a signal transduction pathway, what actually turns the genes on or off?
a. receptors
b. primary signal molecules
c. adenylate cyclase
d. GPCRs
e. transcription factors - Correct Answer ✔✔ e. transcription factors
What is the main purpose of the phosphorylation cascade in transduction?
a. to amplify the signal
