Social Work 550 UKY Exam with 100%
Correct Answers
Evironmental factors - ANSWER-- Family
(Separation and divorce
Domestic violence
racial differences)
- Educational
(Homework
Sexual Education)
- Community
(Peer groups, social groups)
- Work
(managing money, behaviors)
- Relationship
(awareness, flexibility)
- Social
(gender demands, risks of STDs)
Biological & physiological factors - ANSWER-Staying in charge of body weight
Keeping healthy Underlying neurological difficulties
Attachment and bonding
Cognitive factors - ANSWER-Executive functioning Verbal ability
Speech & language • Logical reasoning ability Non-verbal reasoning
Social factors - ANSWER-Sense of identity and group belonging
Self esteem with abandonment
Managing dangers
Engaging in risky behavior
Bullying
Child sexual exploitation Coping and managing with power and authority
Emotional Factors - ANSWER-Acting on impulse
Development history
Regulation
Moral Factors - ANSWER-Demands of culture majority/minority
Reconciling social and religious beliefs with peer pressure
Normal Children Sexual Development: - ANSWER-
,2 months - ANSWER-Genital erection common in boys (from birth)
9-12 months - ANSWER-• Handles genitals when clothes are off
• May be beginnings of masturbation (manipulation is the preferred term)
• Wants to be changed when in wet/soiled nappy
• Girls look at main caregiver and smile when urinating
1 year - ANSWER-• Affectionate towards main caregiver when tired, wet or troubled;
hugs and shows affection towards dolls and teddies
2 years - ANSWER-• Kisses at bedtime
May find it hard to go to toilet in unfamiliar places
• Aware of own genitals, may handle when unclothed • Beginnings of interest in
physical differences between sexes
• Shows interest in different postures for urinating and watching others in
bathroom/going to toilet/undressing
3 years - ANSWER-• Talks about physical differences between sexes and different
postures for urinating
• Girls may try to urinate standing up
• Interest in own genitals, showing and touching them
• Wants to look at and touch adult
• Wants to look at and touch mother's breasts
4 years - ANSWER-• Extremely conscious of navel
• Under social stress may grasp genitals and may need to urinate • May play game of
'show' by showing genitals or urinating before another child
• Interest in other people's bathrooms
• Demands privacy for self, but extremely interested in bathroom/ toilet activities of
others • Verbally expressive about elimination
5 years - ANSWER-Aware of genitals and boy/girl differences but lessening of interest
in anatomical differences
• Masturbation/genital manipulation
• Less 'sex play' and games of show, lessening interest in unfamiliar bathrooms
• More modest, less exposing of self
6 years - ANSWER-Marked awareness of interest in differences between sexes in body
structure - boys ask factual questions about their testicles
• Mild sex play or exhibitionism, 'doctors and nurses'
• Some children are subjected to sex play by older children; the age and power
differences between the children are critical factors in defining
7-8 years old - ANSWER-Less interest in sex - some mutual exploration,
experimentation and sex play, but less than earlier
,• Know about social relations, sexual intercourse, sperm and egg but generally not
combined to make a whole picture
8 years old - ANSWER-Know more about physiology and how the body works
• Interest in sex rather high but exploration and play less than at six years
• Interest in smutty jokes, giggling
• Children whisper or write 'elimination' words or 'sex words'
9 years old - ANSWER-• May talk about sex information with friends of same sex.
Seeks out pictures in books, sex swearing, sex poems
• Interest in details of own organs and function
10 years old - ANSWER-• Considerable interest in 'smutty' jokes
Puberty to Adolescence - ANSWER-During adolescence 'normal' sexual experiences
are open to wide interpretations dependent on values, background, gender, culture, etc.
• Early writers described differences between boys and girls which were mainly felt to be
biological. Current thought on sex differences in behavior favors more the effects of
social factors, sex-role expectations, and conditioning from an early age
13-15 years old - ANSWER-Early adolescence is marked by the early onset of puberty
• There may be rapid growth spurts, secondary social characteristics develop, and there
is an increased awareness of the physical self and its impact on others
• The young person can become concerned with their psychosocial identity. Such
questioning can lead to misunderstandings that others are preoccupied with his or her
appearance and behaviour. Such self-consciousness can lead to a desire for greater
privacy and independence
• At this time, there can be increasingly stronger connections made with peers and a
corresponding separation from family. At the same time, there may be increasingly
stronger sexual attractions. Sexual behaviour can become very strong and as with other
adolescent behaviour can show poor social judgment, high risk and lack of
discrimination
11/12 years old - ANSWER-• Peer group very important
• Girls can be anti-boy and vice-versa
• Girls have very rapid growth. Breasts fill out. Menstruation starts. Body odour develops
• New awareness of self. Gender specific anatomical differentiation. Emotional swings.
More mature boys like to tease girls about their bra size • Boys interested in sexual
jokes and sexually graphic material • Boys show some physical changes in the penis
and pubic hair • Masturbation increases • Kissing, frequent change of boy/girlfriend
• Boys tell others about their sexual experiences. • Girls gossip about the sexual
experiences of others.
• Homosexual young people become more aware of not being interested sexually in
their opposite sex peers.
, 13-14 years old - ANSWER-More critical of adults • Sensitive to criticism •
Preoccupation with personal appearance
• Girls can be child/woman in appearance
• More rapid growth spurt in boys so the voice deepens
• Erection and ejaculation more frequent
• Strong peer group identification • Girls physically mature and more likely to masturbate
• Sometimes more stable pairing between boys and girls
• Boys continue growth spurt
15 years old - ANSWER-• Need for increasing independence
• Same sex friends very important
• Homosexuals understand their sexuality
• The management of partner sex is very important
16/17 years old - ANSWER-The growth rate slows, so that by the end of this stage,
most teenagers will have completed puberty and physical transitions from childhood to
adulthood • Hormonal balance is achieved and social behaviour is likely to develop
within the context of a relationship • Although adolescents continue to be influenced by
their peers, the power of peer pressure tends to be less and there is a greater tendency
to become self-sufficient, more self-assured and pairing more stable
Summary of atypical and concerning sexual behaviors in adolescents/teenagers 13-16
years old - ANSWER-• Masturbating in public. • Having sexual contact with much
younger children.
• Taking younger children to 'secret' places or hideaways.
• Showing sexual material to younger children.
• Exposing his or her genitals to younger children.
• Forcing sex on another adolescent or child.
• Threatening or bullying children to keep the 'secret'.
Expected sexual behaviors at each age range: Birth-4 years - ANSWER-Comfort in
being nude Body touching and holding own genitals Unselfconscious masturbation
Interest in body parts and functions
Wanting to touch familiar children's genitals during play, toilet or bath times Participation
in make believe games involving looking at and/or touching the bodies of familiar
children, e.g. 'show me yours and I'll show you mine', playing 'family'
Asking about or wanting to touch the breasts, bottoms or genitals of familiar adults, e.g.
when in the bath)
Expected sexual behaviors at each age range: 5-9 years - ANSWER-Increased sense
of privacy about bodies Body touching and holding own genitals Masturbation, usually
with awareness of privacy
Curiosity about other children's genitals involving looking at and/or touching the bodies
of familiar children, e.g. 'show me yours and I'll show you mine', playing 'family' Curiosity
about sexuality, e.g. questions about babies, gender, relationships, sexual activity
Correct Answers
Evironmental factors - ANSWER-- Family
(Separation and divorce
Domestic violence
racial differences)
- Educational
(Homework
Sexual Education)
- Community
(Peer groups, social groups)
- Work
(managing money, behaviors)
- Relationship
(awareness, flexibility)
- Social
(gender demands, risks of STDs)
Biological & physiological factors - ANSWER-Staying in charge of body weight
Keeping healthy Underlying neurological difficulties
Attachment and bonding
Cognitive factors - ANSWER-Executive functioning Verbal ability
Speech & language • Logical reasoning ability Non-verbal reasoning
Social factors - ANSWER-Sense of identity and group belonging
Self esteem with abandonment
Managing dangers
Engaging in risky behavior
Bullying
Child sexual exploitation Coping and managing with power and authority
Emotional Factors - ANSWER-Acting on impulse
Development history
Regulation
Moral Factors - ANSWER-Demands of culture majority/minority
Reconciling social and religious beliefs with peer pressure
Normal Children Sexual Development: - ANSWER-
,2 months - ANSWER-Genital erection common in boys (from birth)
9-12 months - ANSWER-• Handles genitals when clothes are off
• May be beginnings of masturbation (manipulation is the preferred term)
• Wants to be changed when in wet/soiled nappy
• Girls look at main caregiver and smile when urinating
1 year - ANSWER-• Affectionate towards main caregiver when tired, wet or troubled;
hugs and shows affection towards dolls and teddies
2 years - ANSWER-• Kisses at bedtime
May find it hard to go to toilet in unfamiliar places
• Aware of own genitals, may handle when unclothed • Beginnings of interest in
physical differences between sexes
• Shows interest in different postures for urinating and watching others in
bathroom/going to toilet/undressing
3 years - ANSWER-• Talks about physical differences between sexes and different
postures for urinating
• Girls may try to urinate standing up
• Interest in own genitals, showing and touching them
• Wants to look at and touch adult
• Wants to look at and touch mother's breasts
4 years - ANSWER-• Extremely conscious of navel
• Under social stress may grasp genitals and may need to urinate • May play game of
'show' by showing genitals or urinating before another child
• Interest in other people's bathrooms
• Demands privacy for self, but extremely interested in bathroom/ toilet activities of
others • Verbally expressive about elimination
5 years - ANSWER-Aware of genitals and boy/girl differences but lessening of interest
in anatomical differences
• Masturbation/genital manipulation
• Less 'sex play' and games of show, lessening interest in unfamiliar bathrooms
• More modest, less exposing of self
6 years - ANSWER-Marked awareness of interest in differences between sexes in body
structure - boys ask factual questions about their testicles
• Mild sex play or exhibitionism, 'doctors and nurses'
• Some children are subjected to sex play by older children; the age and power
differences between the children are critical factors in defining
7-8 years old - ANSWER-Less interest in sex - some mutual exploration,
experimentation and sex play, but less than earlier
,• Know about social relations, sexual intercourse, sperm and egg but generally not
combined to make a whole picture
8 years old - ANSWER-Know more about physiology and how the body works
• Interest in sex rather high but exploration and play less than at six years
• Interest in smutty jokes, giggling
• Children whisper or write 'elimination' words or 'sex words'
9 years old - ANSWER-• May talk about sex information with friends of same sex.
Seeks out pictures in books, sex swearing, sex poems
• Interest in details of own organs and function
10 years old - ANSWER-• Considerable interest in 'smutty' jokes
Puberty to Adolescence - ANSWER-During adolescence 'normal' sexual experiences
are open to wide interpretations dependent on values, background, gender, culture, etc.
• Early writers described differences between boys and girls which were mainly felt to be
biological. Current thought on sex differences in behavior favors more the effects of
social factors, sex-role expectations, and conditioning from an early age
13-15 years old - ANSWER-Early adolescence is marked by the early onset of puberty
• There may be rapid growth spurts, secondary social characteristics develop, and there
is an increased awareness of the physical self and its impact on others
• The young person can become concerned with their psychosocial identity. Such
questioning can lead to misunderstandings that others are preoccupied with his or her
appearance and behaviour. Such self-consciousness can lead to a desire for greater
privacy and independence
• At this time, there can be increasingly stronger connections made with peers and a
corresponding separation from family. At the same time, there may be increasingly
stronger sexual attractions. Sexual behaviour can become very strong and as with other
adolescent behaviour can show poor social judgment, high risk and lack of
discrimination
11/12 years old - ANSWER-• Peer group very important
• Girls can be anti-boy and vice-versa
• Girls have very rapid growth. Breasts fill out. Menstruation starts. Body odour develops
• New awareness of self. Gender specific anatomical differentiation. Emotional swings.
More mature boys like to tease girls about their bra size • Boys interested in sexual
jokes and sexually graphic material • Boys show some physical changes in the penis
and pubic hair • Masturbation increases • Kissing, frequent change of boy/girlfriend
• Boys tell others about their sexual experiences. • Girls gossip about the sexual
experiences of others.
• Homosexual young people become more aware of not being interested sexually in
their opposite sex peers.
, 13-14 years old - ANSWER-More critical of adults • Sensitive to criticism •
Preoccupation with personal appearance
• Girls can be child/woman in appearance
• More rapid growth spurt in boys so the voice deepens
• Erection and ejaculation more frequent
• Strong peer group identification • Girls physically mature and more likely to masturbate
• Sometimes more stable pairing between boys and girls
• Boys continue growth spurt
15 years old - ANSWER-• Need for increasing independence
• Same sex friends very important
• Homosexuals understand their sexuality
• The management of partner sex is very important
16/17 years old - ANSWER-The growth rate slows, so that by the end of this stage,
most teenagers will have completed puberty and physical transitions from childhood to
adulthood • Hormonal balance is achieved and social behaviour is likely to develop
within the context of a relationship • Although adolescents continue to be influenced by
their peers, the power of peer pressure tends to be less and there is a greater tendency
to become self-sufficient, more self-assured and pairing more stable
Summary of atypical and concerning sexual behaviors in adolescents/teenagers 13-16
years old - ANSWER-• Masturbating in public. • Having sexual contact with much
younger children.
• Taking younger children to 'secret' places or hideaways.
• Showing sexual material to younger children.
• Exposing his or her genitals to younger children.
• Forcing sex on another adolescent or child.
• Threatening or bullying children to keep the 'secret'.
Expected sexual behaviors at each age range: Birth-4 years - ANSWER-Comfort in
being nude Body touching and holding own genitals Unselfconscious masturbation
Interest in body parts and functions
Wanting to touch familiar children's genitals during play, toilet or bath times Participation
in make believe games involving looking at and/or touching the bodies of familiar
children, e.g. 'show me yours and I'll show you mine', playing 'family'
Asking about or wanting to touch the breasts, bottoms or genitals of familiar adults, e.g.
when in the bath)
Expected sexual behaviors at each age range: 5-9 years - ANSWER-Increased sense
of privacy about bodies Body touching and holding own genitals Masturbation, usually
with awareness of privacy
Curiosity about other children's genitals involving looking at and/or touching the bodies
of familiar children, e.g. 'show me yours and I'll show you mine', playing 'family' Curiosity
about sexuality, e.g. questions about babies, gender, relationships, sexual activity
