SOCIOLOGY 111 STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS
When discussing the different functions of punishment, ______ seeks to return
offenders to the community as law-abiding citizens by providing therapy or vocational or
educational training. Offenders are treated, not punished, so that they will not continue
their criminal activity. - Answer- Rehabilitation
Sociologist Edwin Sutherland's ______ theory states that people have a greater
tendency to deviate from societal norms when they frequently interact with individuals
who are more favorable toward deviance than conformity. - Answer- differential
association
According to contemporary functionalist theorists, deviance is universal. Which of the
following functions does deviance not serve? - Answer- Deviance prevents social
chaos.
Deviant behavior varies in its degree of seriousness, ranging from mild transgressions
of folkways, to more serious infringements of mores, to quite serious violations of the
law. A _____ is a behavior that violates criminal law and is punishable with fines, jail
terms, and/or other negative sanctions. - Answer- crime
Labeling theory states that deviance is a socially constructed process in which social
control agencies designate certain people as deviants, and they, in turn, accept the
label and begin to act accordingly. This theory focuses on the variety of symbolic labels
that people are given in their interactions with others. - Answer- True
__________ is any behavior that is recognized as violating expected rules and social
norms in the society in which it occurs. - Answer- Deviance
Deviance is relative—that is, an act becomes deviant when it is socially defined as
such. Definitions of deviance vary widely from place to place, from time to time, and
from group to group. - Answer- True
According to sociologists, a ______ is one that is advantaged and has superior
resources and rights in a society. - Answer- dominant group
, In class, we discussed ethnic enclaves. Ethnic enclaves are considered a good example
of: - Answer- De Facto Segregation
In the contact hypothesis, symbolic interactionists point out that contact between people
from divergent groups should lead to favorable attitudes and behavior when certain
factors such as having equal status and pursuing the same goals are present. - Answer-
True
From a sociological perspective, _______ is a negative attitude based on faulty
generalizations about members of specific racial, ethnic, or other groups. - Answer-
prejudice
The ______ is characterized by a tendency to rigidly categorized other people, as well
as inclinations to submit to authority, strictly conform, be intolerant, likely superstitious. -
Answer- authoritarian personality
Often members of subordinate racial and ethnic groups become _______ and are often
blamed for societal problems (such as unemployment or an economic recession) over
which they have no control. - Answer- scapegoats
_______ is a process by which a minority becomes socially, economically, and culturally
absorbed within dominant society. - Answer- Assimilation
Sociology is defined as the _________. - Answer- systematic scientific study of human
society and social interaction
The sociological perspective says that we are a product of the _______ we receive in
our culture. Family, Peers, Schools, Media, and Religion are the primary agents in this
life long process. - Answer- socialization
This German economist and philosopher stressed that history is a continuous clash
between conflicting ideas and forces. He believed that class conflict is necessary in
order to produce social change and a better society. - Answer- Karl Marx
Sociologist Max Weber observed that rapid social change and a more specialized
division of labor produce strains in society. These strains lead to a breakdown in
traditional organization, values, and authority and to a dramatic increase in anomie. -
Answer- False
What is anomie - Answer- sense of chaos
One person being unemployed may be an example of ______, whereas widespread
unemployment as a result of economic changes such as plant closings is an example of
______. - Answer- personal troubles; public issues
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS
When discussing the different functions of punishment, ______ seeks to return
offenders to the community as law-abiding citizens by providing therapy or vocational or
educational training. Offenders are treated, not punished, so that they will not continue
their criminal activity. - Answer- Rehabilitation
Sociologist Edwin Sutherland's ______ theory states that people have a greater
tendency to deviate from societal norms when they frequently interact with individuals
who are more favorable toward deviance than conformity. - Answer- differential
association
According to contemporary functionalist theorists, deviance is universal. Which of the
following functions does deviance not serve? - Answer- Deviance prevents social
chaos.
Deviant behavior varies in its degree of seriousness, ranging from mild transgressions
of folkways, to more serious infringements of mores, to quite serious violations of the
law. A _____ is a behavior that violates criminal law and is punishable with fines, jail
terms, and/or other negative sanctions. - Answer- crime
Labeling theory states that deviance is a socially constructed process in which social
control agencies designate certain people as deviants, and they, in turn, accept the
label and begin to act accordingly. This theory focuses on the variety of symbolic labels
that people are given in their interactions with others. - Answer- True
__________ is any behavior that is recognized as violating expected rules and social
norms in the society in which it occurs. - Answer- Deviance
Deviance is relative—that is, an act becomes deviant when it is socially defined as
such. Definitions of deviance vary widely from place to place, from time to time, and
from group to group. - Answer- True
According to sociologists, a ______ is one that is advantaged and has superior
resources and rights in a society. - Answer- dominant group
, In class, we discussed ethnic enclaves. Ethnic enclaves are considered a good example
of: - Answer- De Facto Segregation
In the contact hypothesis, symbolic interactionists point out that contact between people
from divergent groups should lead to favorable attitudes and behavior when certain
factors such as having equal status and pursuing the same goals are present. - Answer-
True
From a sociological perspective, _______ is a negative attitude based on faulty
generalizations about members of specific racial, ethnic, or other groups. - Answer-
prejudice
The ______ is characterized by a tendency to rigidly categorized other people, as well
as inclinations to submit to authority, strictly conform, be intolerant, likely superstitious. -
Answer- authoritarian personality
Often members of subordinate racial and ethnic groups become _______ and are often
blamed for societal problems (such as unemployment or an economic recession) over
which they have no control. - Answer- scapegoats
_______ is a process by which a minority becomes socially, economically, and culturally
absorbed within dominant society. - Answer- Assimilation
Sociology is defined as the _________. - Answer- systematic scientific study of human
society and social interaction
The sociological perspective says that we are a product of the _______ we receive in
our culture. Family, Peers, Schools, Media, and Religion are the primary agents in this
life long process. - Answer- socialization
This German economist and philosopher stressed that history is a continuous clash
between conflicting ideas and forces. He believed that class conflict is necessary in
order to produce social change and a better society. - Answer- Karl Marx
Sociologist Max Weber observed that rapid social change and a more specialized
division of labor produce strains in society. These strains lead to a breakdown in
traditional organization, values, and authority and to a dramatic increase in anomie. -
Answer- False
What is anomie - Answer- sense of chaos
One person being unemployed may be an example of ______, whereas widespread
unemployment as a result of economic changes such as plant closings is an example of
______. - Answer- personal troubles; public issues
